Letter of Motivation

Persuasive letter for college affirmation Search Send a Message T his message will be pushed to the administrator's iPhone in a split second. Dear Sirs. Madams I am intrigued to apply f or a Master's Degree Program in {name od the programme} beginning in 2013. graduated in 2011, f rom the University of {name od the university}, USA and hold a Bachelors qualification in {name od the programme).T he f our year undergrad program in {name od the programme} f ormed the asis of my steadiness towards accomplishing a top to bottom information in the f ield of - . As a section ot my degree course I considered different subjects identifying with assorted angles ot {specify} which Includes {specify}. During my lone ranger considers, I experienced the experience of building up a {specify}. under the oversight of Prof {name} alongside my associate have arranged the {specify}. While presenting the task, our instructor watched {specify} and suggested our item f or {specify}. pon accepting this affi rmation of my work I might want to carry on my affinity f or specify}, as this {methodology, issue} is increasing expanding Importance, in all angles and is having signif cannot affect on practically all ventures and all regions of society. T here is an abundant extension to demonstrate one's capacity, capability and insight in this progressive and conceivably very benef ictal {methodology. issue. theory}. Other than the school scholastics I was effectively engaged with the extra-curricular activities.T he driving f orce behind this was my plan to build up all the f acets of my character. In this procedure I was unable to accomplish the evaluations I needed to, in the f irst and second ear. In any case, soon I accumulated the expertise of Judicious portion of time and vitality. I don't f eel that the imprints I scored are the sole markers of my comprehension of the subject. A pertinent motivation to expand my bellet is the t inal year of my investigations, where with solid f ocus an d difficult work, I exceeded expectations In my graduation with dlsunctlon.Considering my amazing record, my school of f ered me f or a Job as a teacher. Additionally f or the previous twenty months I have been functioning as a {specify}-In {speclfy} branch of {specify}. My work has helped me form an exhaustive knowledge Into eturn to the scholastic world f or f urther development. It has given me the conf idence to seek after a Master's certificate and furthermore fueled a craving to do look into. T his profession with open possibilities has given me consistent impetus to develop myself and to acquire information, Today I see that lif e f or me has been a procedure of cognizant evolution.An essential piece of this development has been the worth framework soaked up in me by my folks, educators and tutors and a massive loving f or science. As I set out upon another I OF2 stage 0T my IIT e, I Delleve tnat a postgraduate report wlll prov10e a mllestone In my areer alongside significant encounters that will permit me to turn into a successf ul, imaginative prof essional and help with achieving my objectives. Ten years f rom now, I visualize myself as a f ull-f ledged look into prof essional in an association, or a f aculty part at some driving university.My choice to seek after alumni concentrates in the United Kingdom is underscored by my craving to be a piece of the alumni program at your organization. T he spearheading works going on at the - {specify}-office , which incorporate the improvement of {specify}, perf ectly coordinate with the f ield of my advantage. T he interdisciplinary nature of {specify rogramme, field} has persuaded me in accepting this choice as it is the perfect decision f or an energizing exploration profession. Simultaneously, I am conf ident of contributing initially to the progressing work at your department.By working under the direction of recognized f aculty, I will absolutely have the option to misuse my capability to the f ullest. T he office site uncovered solid f aculty like Prof . {NAME} associated with broad research in the region of {specify}. T his has fortified my determination to learn at University of {NAME}. I am conf ident that the savvy f aculty will make my learning experience unprecedented. On the off chance that I persuade the chance to be a piece of that mentally animating condition, I am certain my gifts will be put to ideal use.I am conf ident that general chance to concentrate in Europe will expand my perspectives and offer me a chance to increase world class instruction and assist me with turning into a great world resident. I would theref metal, f eel obliged to have the option to protect affirmation in your renowned college with f ull f inancial help and seek after my M. S. program. I am certain that I will coordinate all the accreditations and will have the option to keep up exclusive requirements at your college. Letter of Motivation I am intrigued to apply f or a Master’s Degree Program in {name of the program} beginning in 2013. I graduated in 2011, from the University of {name of the University}, USA and hold a Bachelors qualification in {name of the program}.The multi year undergrad program in {name of the program} framed the premise of my determination towards accomplishing an inside and out information in the field of â€. As a piece of my degree course I examined different subjects identifying with various parts of {specify} which incorporates {specify}. During my lone wolf examines, I experienced the experience of building up a {specify}. Under the management of Prof {name} alongside my partner I have arranged the {specify}.While presenting the task, our teacher watched {specify} and suggested our item f or {specify}-. After accepting this affirmation of my work I might want to carry on my affinity for {specify}, as this {methodology, issue} is increasing expanding significance, in all angles and is having signif icant sway on practically all ventures and all territories of society. There is an abundant degree to demonstrate one’s capacity, ability and knowledge in this progressive and conceivably very benef icial {methodology, issue, theory}.Besides the school scholastics I was effectively associated with the extra-curricular exercises. The main thrust behind this was my intend to build up all the aspects of my character. In this procedure I was unable to accomplish the evaluations I needed to, in the first and second year. Be that as it may, soon I collected the expertise of wise allotment of time and vitality. I don't f eel that the imprints I scored are the sole indicatorsâ of my comprehension of the subject. A fitting motivation to enlarge my conviction is the last year of my examinations, where with solid concentration and difficult work, I exceeded expectations in my graduation with unique excellence. Thinking about my magnificent record, my school extended t o me for an employment opportunity as a lecturer.Also f or the previous twenty months I have been filling in as a {specify}-in - {specify} branch of {specify}. My work has helped me form an intensive understanding into come back to the scholastic world for additional development. It has given me the certainty to seek after a Master’s certificate and furthermore aroused a craving to do research.T his profession with open possibilities has given me consistent motivation to develop myself and to acquire knowledge.Today I see that life for me has been a procedure of cognizant advancement. A basic piece of this development has been the worth framework soaked up in me by my folks, educators and tutors and a gigantic loving f or science. As I set out upon another phase of my life, I accept that a postgraduate report will give an achievement in my vocation alongside important encounters that will permit me to turn into an effective, imaginative expert and help with achieving my objec tives. Quite a while from now, I imagine myself as an undeniable research proficient in an association, or an employee at some driving university.My choice to seek after alumni concentrates in the United Kingdom is underscored by my longing to be a piece of the alumni program at your establishment. T he spearheading works going on at the - {specify}-division, which incorporate the improvement of {specify}, impeccably coordinate with the field of my advantage. T he interdisciplinary nature of {specify program, field} has persuaded me in accepting this choice as it is the perfect decision f or an energizing exploration profession. Simultaneously, I am sure of contributing initially to the continuous work at your specialization. By working under the direction of recognized workforce, I will positively have the option to abuse my capability to the fullest.The division site uncovered exceptionally solid staff like Prof . {NAME} associated with broad research in the region of {specify}. T his hasâ strengthened my purpose to learn at University of {NAME}. I am certain that the scholarly personnel will make my learning experience uncommon. In the event that I persuade the chance to be a piece of that mentally animating condition, I am certain my abilities will be put to ideal use. I am sure that general chance to concentrate in Europe will expand my perspectives and offer me a chance to increase world class instruction and assist me with turning into an incredible world resident. I would in this manner, feel obliged to have the option to protect confirmation in your esteemed college with full budgetary help and seek after my M.S. program. I am certain that I will coordinate all the certifications and will have the option to keep up elevated expectations at your college.

Summary for one page Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Outline for one page - Essay Example The representatives clatter me; the wickets clatter me; seeing the cash clatters; everything clatters me† (Leacock, 2012, p. 100). The perusers will be acquainted with the storyteller directly from the earliest starting point of the story permitting them to relate with the plot of story. Additionally, the fascinating starting given to the story includes a bank supervisor and storyteller who might go on in the story to examine about financial balance and as meager cash as fifty bucks. The manner in which creator has utilized purposeful anecdote in the story further includes beautification of characters. Discourse has been kept insignificant making it sound more humoristic before the finish of the story. Cautious terrorizing is done so that it permits the storyteller to defeat the dread of bank before the finish of the story for perusers. As it notes by the end, â€Å"As the huge entryway swung behind me I got the echo†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..my reserve funds in silver dollars in a sock† (Leacock, 2012, p.

How a Normative Group Works in Psychology

How a Normative Group Works in Psychology Basics Print How a Normative Group Works in Psychology By Lauren DiMaria linkedin Lauren DiMaria is a member of the Society of Clinical Research Associates and childhood psychology expert. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren DiMaria Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Dan Kitwood / Staff / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming You usually hear the term normative group, or norm group, in discussions of tests and measures. It refers to the sample of test-takers who are representative of the population for whom the test is intended. The normative group is intended to stand for a hypothetical typical test-takerâ€"one who represents the group thats being tested.?? How Norm Groups Are Used in Psychological Testing When designing a test of somethingâ€"for instance, academic ability or signs of depressionâ€"its important for the people making the test to understand the group that they are testing. They also need to identify what is considered normal within that group. Take, for example, the SAT (originally named the Scholastic Aptitude Test and later the SAT Reasoning Test). Published by the College Board, the standardized test measures academic potential. The SAT is taken by high school juniors and seniors throughout the United States each year.?? Therefore, the normative group for the SAT is a randomized, cross-cultural group of American junior and senior high school students who accurately reflect the diversity (and thus, the average) of that group of test-takers. How Random Selection Is Used In Research A psychology example could be a test intended to diagnose depression in American children between the ages of five and 10 years old. In this test, the normative group would be a sample of five- to 10-year-olds from various demographic groups within the United States. How Norm-Referenced Tests Are Assessed Norm-referenced tests are assessed differently compared to criterion-referenced tests. Criterion-referenced tests are the typical test format youd find in school: all questions have right answers and wrong answers, and scores are graded out of a perfect score.?? By contrast, its not possible to pass or fail a norm-referenced test. Rather, it will give results based on performance compared to a normative group. One of the main types of norm-referenced tests is an Intelligence Quotient or IQ test.  Intelligence test scores typically follow a  normal distribution, which is a bell-shaped curve where the majority of scores lie near or around the average score. For example, the majority of scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition  (WAIS-IV) tend to lie between plus 15 or minus 15 points from the average score of 100. This means that approximately 68% of people who take the WAIS-IV test will score somewhere between 85 and 115.?? How Are IQ Scores Interpreted? Percentiles as an Expression of Performance Norm-referenced tests can also be presented as a percentile. The percentiles are based on a bell curve with the norm falling in the middle. The percentile range is demarcated as deviations (either above or below) from the norm.?? If youve taken a standardized test such as the SAT, you may have noticed that you got both a score that was a number based on the total number of points you could have received, as well as a percentile that reflected how you did in relation to other test takers. The farther away from the norm you are, the further away from the 50th percentile your score will be. So, for instance, an SAT score in the 99th percentile means you scored better than 99% of the other test-takers.

The Black Codes and Why They Matter Today

It’s hard to understand why African-Americans are incarcerated at higher rates than other groups without knowing what the black codes were. These restrictive and discriminatory laws criminalized blacks after slavery and set the stage for Jim Crow. They are also directly linked to today’s prison industrial complex. Given this, a better grasp of the Black Codes and their relationship to the 13th Amendment provides a historical context for racial profiling, police brutality, and uneven criminal sentencing. For far too long, blacks have been dogged by the stereotype that they’re inherently prone to criminality. The institution of slavery and the Black Codes that followed reveal how the state essentially penalized African-Americans just for existing. Slavery Ended, but Blacks Weren’t Truly Free During Reconstruction, the period that followed the Civil War, African-Americans in the South continued to have work arrangements and living conditions nearly indistinguishable from those they had during slavery. Because the cost of cotton was so high at this time, planters decided to develop a labor system that mirrored servitude. According to America’s History to 1877, Vol. 1: On paper, emancipation had cost the slave owners about $3 billion — the value of their capital investment in former slaves — a sum that equaled nearly three-fourths of the nation’s economic production in 1860. The real losses of planters, however, depended on whether they lost control of their former slaves. Planters attempted to reestablish that control and to substitute low wages for the food, clothing, and shelter that their slaves had previously received. They also refused to sell or rent land to blacks, hoping to force them to work for low wages. The enactment of the 13th Amendment only amplified the challenges of African-Americans during Reconstruction. Passed in 1865, this Amendment ended the slave economy, but it also included a provision that would make it in the South’s best interest to arrest and imprison blacks. That’s because the Amendment prohibited slavery and servitude, â€Å"except as a punishment for crime.† This provision gave way to the Black Codes, which replaced the Slave Codes, and was passed throughout the South the same year as the 13th Amendment. The codes heavily infringed on the rights of blacks and, like low wages, functioned to trap them in a slave-like existence. The codes were not the same in every state but overlapped in a number of ways. For one, they all mandated that blacks without jobs could be arrested for vagrancy. The Mississippi Black Codes in particular penalized blacks for being â€Å"wanton in conduct or speech, neglect[ing] job or family, handl[ing] money carelessly, and...all other idle and disorderly persons.† How exactly does a police officer decide how well a person handles money or if he’s wanton in conduct? Clearly, many of the behaviors punishable under the Black Codes were completely subjective. But their subjective nature made it easier to arrest and round up African-Americans. In fact, a variety of states concluded that there were certain crimes for which only blacks could be â€Å"duly convicted,† according to The Angela Y. Davis Reader. Therefore, the argument that the criminal justice system works differently for whites and blacks can be traced back to the 1860s. And before the Black Codes criminalized African-Americans, the legal system deemed runaway slaves fugitives for stealing property: themselves!   Fines, Forced Labor, and the Black Codes Violating one of the Black Codes required offenders to pay fines. Since many African-Americans were paid low wages during Reconstruction or denied employment, coming up with the money for these fees often proved impossible. Inability to pay meant that the county court could hire out African-Americans to employers until they worked off their balances. Blacks who found themselves in this unfortunate predicament usually did such labor in a slavery-like environment. The state determined when offenders worked, for how long and what kind of work was performed. More often than not, African-Americans were required to perform agricultural labor, just as they had during slavery. Because licenses were required for offenders to perform skilled labor, few did. With these restrictions, blacks had little chance to learn a trade and move up the economic ladder once their fines were settled. And they could not simply refuse to work off their debts, as that would lead to a vagrancy charge, resulting in more fees and forced labor. Under the Black Codes, all African-Americans, convicts or not, were subject to curfews set by their local governments. Even their day-to-day movements were heavily dictated by the state. Black farm workers were required to carry passes from their employers, and meetings blacks took part in were overseen by local officials. This even applied to worship services. In addition, if a black person wanted to live in town, they had to have a white sponsor. Any African-Americans who skirted the Black Codes would be subject to fines and labor. In short, in all areas of life, blacks lived as second-class citizens. They were emancipated on paper, but certainly not in real life. A civil rights bill passed by Congress in 1866 sought to give African-Americans more rights. The bill permitted them to own or rent property, but it stopped short of giving blacks the right to vote. It did, however, allow them to make contracts and bring their cases before courts. It also enabled federal officials to sue those who violated the civil rights of African-Americans. But blacks never reaped the benefits of the bill because President Andrew Johnson vetoed it.   While the president’s decision dashed the hopes of African-Americans, their hopes were renewed when the 14th Amendment was enacted. This legislation gave blacks even more rights than the Civil Rights Act of 1966 did. It declared them and anyone born in the United States to be citizens. Although it did not guarantee blacks the right to vote, it  gave them â€Å"equal protection of the laws.† The 15th Amendment, passed in 1870, would give blacks suffrage. The End of the Black Codes By the end of the 1860s, many southern states repealed the Black Codes and shifted their economic focus away from cotton farming and onto manufacturing. They built schools, hospitals, infrastructure, and asylums for orphans and the mentally ill. Although the lives of African-Americans were no longer dictated by the Black Codes, they lived separately from whites, with fewer resources for their schools and communities. They also faced intimidation by white supremacist groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan, when they exercised their right to vote. The economic woes blacks faced led to an increasing number of them to be incarcerated. That’s because more penitentiaries in the South were built along with all of the hospitals, roads, and schools. Strapped for cash and unable to get loans from banks, former slaves worked as sharecroppers or tenant farmers. This involved working other people’s farmland in exchange for a small cut of the value of the crops grown. Sharecroppers frequently fell prey to shopkeepers who offered them credit but charged exorbitant interest rates on farm supplies and other goods. Democrats at the time made matters worse by passing laws that allowed merchants to prosecute sharecroppers who couldn’t pay their debts. Indebted African-American farmers faced imprisonment and forced labor unless they toiled on the land according to the instructions of the merchant-creditor, states America’s History. Increasingly, merchants and landlords cooperated to maintain this lucrative system, and many landlords became merchants. The former slaves had become trapped in the vicious circle of debt peonage, which tied them to the land and robbed them of their earnings. Angela Davis laments the fact that black leaders of the time, such as Frederick Douglass, did not campaign to end forced labor and debt peonage. Douglass primarily focused his energies on bringing an end to lynching. He also advocated for black suffrage. Davis asserts that he may not have considered forced labor a priority due to the widespread belief that incarcerated blacks must have deserved their punishments. But African-Americans complained that they were frequently jailed for offenses for which whites were not. In fact, whites usually eluded prison for all but the most egregious crimes. This resulted in blacks jailed for petty offenses being incarcerated with dangerous white convicts. Black women and children were not spared from prison labor. Children as young as six were  forced to work, and women in such predicaments were not segregated from male inmates. This made them vulnerable to sexual abuse and physical violence from both convicts and guards. After taking a trip to the South in 1888, Douglass witnessed firsthand the effects of forced labor on the African-Americans there. It kept blacks â€Å"firmly bound in a strong, remorseless and deadly grasp, a grasp from which only death can free [them],† he noted. But by the time Douglass made this conclusion, peonage and convict-leasing had been in effect for more than 20 years in certain places. And in a short stretch of time, the number of black prisoners grew rapidly. From 1874 to 1877, Alabama’s prison population tripled. Ninety percent of new convicts were African-American. Crimes formerly considered low-level offenses, such as cattle theft, were reclassified as felonies. This ensured that impoverished blacks found guilty of such crimes would be sentenced to longer prison terms. African-American scholar W.E.B. DuBois was disturbed by these developments in the prison system. In his work, Black Reconstruction, he observed â€Å"the whole criminal system came to be used as a method of keeping Negroes at work and intimidating them. Consequently there began to be a demand for jails and penitentiaries beyond the natural demand due to the rise of crime.† Legacy of the Codes Today, a disproportionate amount of black men are behind bars. In 2016, the Washington Post reported that 7.7 percent of black men between the ages of 25 to 54 are institutionalized, compared to 1.6 percent of white men. The newspaper also stated that the prison population has quintupled over the past four decades and that one out of nine black children has a parent in prison. Many ex-convicts can’t vote or get jobs after their release, increasing their chances of recidivism and trapping them in a cycle as relentless as debt peonage. A number of social ills have been blamed for the large numbers of blacks in prison   Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  poverty, single-parent homes, and gangs. While these issues may be factors, the Black Codes reveal that since slavery ended, those in power have used the criminal justice system as a vehicle to strip African-Americans of their liberty. This includes the glaring sentencing disparities between crack and cocaine, a higher police presence in black neighborhoods, and a bail system that requires those  arrested to pay for their release from jail or remain incarcerated if they’re unable to. From slavery onward, the criminal justice system has all too often created insurmountable hurdles for African-Americans. Sources Davis, Angela Y. The Angela Y. Davis Reader. 1st Edition, Blackwell Publishing, December 4, 1998. Du Bois, W.E.B. Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880. Unknown Edition, Free Press, January 1, 1998. Guo, Jeff. America has locked up so many black people it has warped our sense of reality. The Washington Post. February 26, 2016. Henretta, James A. Sources for Americas History, Volume 1: To 1877. Eric Hinderaker, Rebecca Edwards, et al., Eighth Edition, Bedford/St. Martins, January 10, 2014. Kurtz, Lester R. (Editor). Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. 2nd Edition, Kindle Edition, Academic Press, September 5, 2008. Montopoli, Brian. Is the U.S. bail system unfair? CBS News, February 8, 2013. The Crack Sentencing Disparity and the Road to 1:1. United States Sentencing Commission.

Problems Of Bullying In Schools - 1631 Words

Bullying in the school system can be handled appropriately if action is taken immediately. In order for this problem to be solved, students who are being bullies to other students need to go to an alternative school for a few weeks and then find a support group to go to once or twice a week to help them deal with their anger/emotions. It will make the child’s life manageable and will prevent them from potentially harming another students’ life. According to Horne, Stoddard, and Bell (2007), â€Å"Recognizing that bullying and aggression result in negative academic, emotional, and behavioral consequences, a number of programs have been developed in the last century to address the problem of bullying and aggression in schools† (pg. 264). This†¦show more content†¦268). The authors then state that students learn different techniques to control their aggressive behavior while they are in their groups. This evidence is relevant because it explains what t hese groups consist of and how they will be effective in helping students. This type of solution would not have a cost to it since this is something that schools are already doing today. The practicality of parents’ coming and discussing this situation that involves their child could either happen or not depending on their every day schedule unless they found an appropriate time that would work for them. It is cost effective because this is already a part of the principal’s duties. One way that could increase the practicality of this happening is that teachers and faculty could sign a petition to follow through with this idea and then if more time is spent on it, then their salaries could be raised. The principal would be the first person that would oversee this solution since they are the higher authority of the school system. According to Cross and Barnes (2014), â€Å"Key patterns of behavior are seen to emerge within the family context, with family members influencing and reacting to each other in complex ways, which may then influence th eir behavior beyond the family circle† (p. 294). The authors then explain that family influences can impact children and that their behavior ofShow MoreRelatedBullying Is A Problem For School1318 Words   |  6 PagesBullying has been a problem for schools for a long time and has continued to be so. It has increased dramatically, taking everything that happens at school and moving it to the Internet. Pre-teens and teens are the most likely victims because they do not fit in a certain group or the bully just wants to show them that they are better than anyone else. While, the school focuses on only the academic part of the students and not the social, they cause students to build barriers between everyone in orderRead MoreBullying At School Is A Big Problem1977 Words   |  8 PagesBullying Epidemic Bullying at school is a big problem that is found in all the schools in the United States and across the world. Since the late 1990s there have been several fatal school shootings committed by victims of bullying that have brought bullying major media attention. This has resulted in an increase of awareness about the harmful effects on the kids being bullied as well as the bullies themselves. This has brought a large amount of local, state, and nationwide programs designed toRead MoreAddressing the Problem of Bullying in Schools Essay885 Words   |  4 Pageswidespread problem of bullying, especially in schools, and that bullying is identified as a serious problem that merits intervention and research (Coy). 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Another form of cyberbullying is impersonation, in which cyber-bullies pretend to beRead MoreBullying Has Been A Big Problem In Our School System For1745 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been a big problem in our school system for many years, but it has escalated over the past decade due to the new era of modern technology. Unanimously, we can agree that our daily lives greatly depend on technologies; the internet, cellphones, computers, tablets, IPad etc. Although the uses of technology positively impacted our lives, there is also the downside when it uses have negative connotations. 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Sara Lee Corporation Free Essays

Sara Lee Corporation (Case study) 1. Executive Summary This case study provides an evaluation of Sara Lee Corporation and particularly its operations of product lines available through the Wal-Mart stores. To begin with, an effective SWOT analysis of the company was conducted where strengths and opportunities are identified while addressing possible threats and improving its weaknesses to avoid giving the competition an aggressive advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on Sara Lee Corporation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing requires effective identification of issues as a key factor in devising the best methods of addressing them. Therefore, Kirk Nelson identifies the BasicHipster style to be a major problem in the market because it was not doing well. Effective establishment of the best possible solution is therefore critical to maintain the corporation’s market share for the Wal-Mart Account. This analysis generates key alternatives that Kirk Nelson as the Sara Lee Wal-Mart Girl’s Panty analyst should consider in getting out of the current deadlock. This study recommends that Sara Lee Wal-Mart account should retain the FashionBikini due to its better performance compared to the New FashionBikini and introduce back into circulation, the new BasicHipster. . History or introduction Sara Lee Corporation is a fortune 500 company listed on the NYSE. They mainly mass market their diverse product lines of food and beverages, branded apparel, and household products through large retailers like Wal-Mart and Target, but also smaller store as well. Sara Lee, under the Hanes branded apparel operates a produ ct line of underwear called Girls Panty (GP) targeted girls ages 4-12 that include 3 cuts or styles: FashionBrief, FashionBikini and the BasicHipster. The Girl Panty line in Wal-Mart had to meet its sales and supply standards. Sara Lee Corporation maintained high sales due its ability to analyze its products on the basis of the market demand and thereby maintaining the customer’s preference. This case study provides a comprehensive analysis of the corporation’s Girl Panty line in the Wal-Mart account, identifies the strengths and weaknesses, recognizes the marketing problem, generates alternatives, make a recommendation and finally offers an effective implementation strategy. 3. SWOT Analysis Strengths Sara Lee has been identified as having 3 key strengths. First, their ability to employ highly experienced supply chain analysts made it easy for all the members to effectively carry out their roles and cite possible shortcomings on time and come up with workable solutions to address it. Second, Sara Lee’s longtime history has demonstrated that their products built on leadership brands represent high quality, affordable, casual clothing for everyday use, thereby creating brand loyalty and a strong attachment to its products. Finally, relationship building and retention is another key strength for Sara Lee. The trusted partnership between Sara Lee and Wal-Mart was two-fold. Wal-Mart served as a strong distribution channel partner with deep market penetration, while Wal-Mart relied on Sara Lee’s wide portfolio of well-known and established brand names. Weaknesses According to the case, the corporation suffers some weaknesses. To begin with, the girl panty suppliers are international and therefore subjected to key external forces such as cultural factors, religious considerations, strikes and unrests which made supply uncertain (Case, 427). With some of the supplies coming from external suppliers, the waiting period was very long and therefore unpredictable (Case, 427). Sara Lee’s market share for the BasicHipster was performing poorly. A New BasicHipster product was in the process of being developed but not yet primed for distribution. Opportunity One of the key opportunities that Sara Lee had was its ability to establish the need for new products and make them to replace those whose sales were on the decline in the market. According to the case (431), Kirk Nelson was informed of a suitable replacement for the BasicHipster after indicating its poor performance. Threats Notably, Sara Lee had one key threat to its operation in its Wal-Mart Account, the Fruit of the Loom brand. Global competition was fast emerging in regions such as Eastern Europe, South East Asia and the Middle East powered by technology and cheap labor. Due to this global atmosphere, Fruit of the Loom rose as the main competition in the underwear category (Case 426). 4. Case Analysis Sara Lee Wal-Mart account division analysis was the most effective at marketing as it provided a crosscutting evaluation of the product’s performance. Kirk Nelson was deeply involved in generating the most recent information before meeting his boss (Case p. 425). As a result, it acted as a critical organization in promoting sales at the stores at low prices and sustainable supplies (Case 427). As a result, this relationship promoted the internal sales at Wal-Mart while creating the needed impression in other external Sara Lee branches. In addition to that, the corporation had an effective supply from its widespread supply chain by maintaining distribution centers for its products (Case 427). To ensure that the products, promotion, and pricing were perfect, the analysts’ recommendations were subjected to extra scrutiny and further refinement. This reduced possible cannibalization and provided more effective recommendations on aspects such as replacements of less performing products. Even after analyzing the performance of the BasicHipster style, the decision to replace it had to further be analyzed (Case 428 -430). 5. Marketing Problem Due to the lack of performance from the BasicHipster style, it was temporilary replaced with the New FashionBikini until the New BasicHipster was finished. After watching the sales do well for over a year in all three styles: FashionBrief, FashionBikini and the New FashioBikini, the New BasicHipster was ready for the shelf. Should Sara Lee replace the old or the New FashionBikinis with the BasicHipster or should they consider leaving both FashionBikinis selling side by side and not introduce the New BasicHipster? Of course, that decision depends on how well the FashionBikinis (old and new) are working together. Establishing an effective solution to this problem was a key issue in that the product was expected to be free of cannibalization in the market. 6. Alternative Solutions Sometimes analysts make important decisions while generating the sought after revenue and steer their products towards maintaining effective competition. Looking at the marketing problems brings to mind several solutions Sara Lee should analyze. First, Sara Lee management could consider maintaining the status quo as it is, keeping all three lines: FashionBrief, FashionBikini and New FashionBikini. In doing so, they keep their sales steady without risking the loss of market share and shelf space. Since the FashionBrief was preferred by younger girls while the FashionBikini and the New FashionBikini was preferred by the older girls, this apparent age difference only complimented each other because they each had their own target market. The downside to this is having 2 style cuts that are alike such as the FashionBikini and New FashionBikini because the product line lacks the diversity in styles and limits your target segment. Both of the Fashion Styles are not targeted to the economy buyer such as the BasicHipster would be and limits your wide range of pricing for consumers. Second, Sara Lee could consider the option to delete either the FashionBikini or the New FashionBikini and bring back the new and improved BasicHipster while keeping the FashionBrief. According to Kirk, he mentions that the sales of the BasicHipster were performing poorly but no graph or sales figures were provided in the case for a comparison. After charting the sales volume for the exact same year and periods of time between the FashionBikini and the New FashionBikini (see exhibit â€Å"A†), there was a sales increase $125,348 where the FashionBikini outperformed the New FashionBikini by 154%. Keeping in mind that the New FashionBikini was only being sold in 1700 store compared to 2300 stores, the increase was still significant. Since keeping both FashionBikini styles on the shelf along with the Fashion Brief and adding the new BasicHipster was not an option, Kirk would have to make a decision to delete at least one of the Bikini lines. Given the sales data, the one to cut would be the NewFashionBikini. This would give Sara Lee three distinct styles that include a new line of cut, the BasicHipster, which would diversify their product line an appeal to the economy priced buyer and retain the sense of the original hipster to the consumers while giving then a new sense of the market. The downside to this alternative would be risk losing market share. If the BasicHipster was not performing well to begin with maybe bringing the style back might repeat the same results. Again, without numbers to compare, the risk is still prevelant. On the other hand, the BasicHipster is the New BasicHipster with a new color scheme which could result in a greater market shre while appealing to consumers. 7. Recommendation Sara Lee should consider replacing the New FashionBikini with the New BasicHipster based on 3 reasons. First, I had to anaylze the sales of the FashionBikini and the New FashionBikini so I knew which one to elimanite in order to introduce the New BasicHipster. After careful anaylsis I found that the sales of the old FashionBikini were $125,348 or 154% higher than the sales of the New FashionBikini given the same time period. Also, by not having the BasicHipster style on the shelf for over a year, it would create a need for the product by the consumer. Second, a diverse product line in terms of price and cut would be available appealing to the ecomonic consuios buyer with the New BasicHipster, as well as those consumers who desired more colors and print themes as with the FashionBikini and Fashion Brief lines. Lastly, by keeping the FashionBikini and FashionBrief line, the two had already been in the market and would not require the intensive promotion demanded by a new product. In addition, the sales and market share should remain contstant and even increase while the promotion for the New BasicHipster takes hold. 8. Implementation By adding the new BasicHipster a whole new marketing campaign will be designed around the the new product including commercials aimed at young girls ages 4-12 . email marketing, free giveaways, Further analysis to determine possible cannibalization should first be conducted in the Sara Lee Wal-Mart Account to track the sales volume and market share. By introducing the already New BasicHipster, a new advertising and promotion effots will take place informing the consumer of this new line and style choice. Revising the NewFashionTh e for the first year to determine if any changes need to be made. If no changes are required, further analyses of the products lines will contunie for another 2 years until their life cycles are near the end whne 1 and continueof the 3 increase the chances of raising sales of the FashionBikini. Besides, Sara Lee should gradually increase the quantity of the FashionBikini to account for the added sales from the deleted New FashionBikini line while continuing to expand on the growth and promotion of the New BasicHipster to ensure a smooth transition. In addition to that, the corporation should intensify promotion of the FashionBikini to further inform and persuade consumers to buy it at Wal-Mart. Finally, a critical review of the FashionBikini should be maintained to seek consumers’ further preferences while making possible adjustments on their preferences. ———————– Surname 6 How to cite Sara Lee Corporation, Papers

Waitrose Company Essay Example

Waitrose Company Essay Waitrose was founded in 1904 and is the supermarket division of the John Lewis Partnership, with 187 branches. Like the Partnerships Department Stores, Waitrose is targeted at the middle class market, emphasising quality food and customer service rather than low prices. Their slogan reflects this Quality food, honestly priced. Waitroses main competitors in this market are Marks and Spencer and Sainsburys. The typical Waitrose customer has been described as affluent, interested in culture, travel, fine foods and wine and a likely Classic FM listener and BBC 1 viewer. Waitrose.com We will write a custom essay sample on Waitrose Company specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Waitrose Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Waitrose Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Waitrose included its three existing Internet sites which were Waitrose Deliver, [emailprotected], and Waitrose direct into an upgraded Waitrose.com website in August 2001. The online grocer Ocado has also taken over the distribution of Waitrose products, but has its own site (Ocado.com). Waitrose.com also functions as a shop finder that quickly shows users the shop closest to them, including map, travel instructions and opening times. Locations Waitrose is currently bound to its southeast location because there are only two major regional distribution centers in place (Bracknell Northampton). Although further expansion in the North and West is planned, Waitrose has no plans to expand overseas, unlike its bigger competitors. Segmentation Waitrose is able to identify different groups of buyers who share similar definable needs and behaviors by segmenting the market. Waitrose segments its market on simple variables such as incomes. This is shown by the number of stores that are based in the south of England showing that Waitrose is aiming at the higher income earners at the upper end of the market, and segmenting itself towards the social groups of A, B and C1. Waitrose has not based any stores in areas such as Newcastle, Middlesbrough, Liverpool and Bradford as these are Britains poorest regions, which Waitrose would not benefit from financially. The UK Online Market Research shows that more British food shoppers have been converted to online grocery shopping than in any other country. However, Internet sales still represent a tiny, although growing, percentage of the overall UK grocery market. Most people use the Internet as a way of gathering information on products and making price comparisons before visiting their local store. Tesco was the first grocery retailer to introduce online shopping and is now the worlds biggest Internet grocer. Question 1 Means of capturing information for use in e-business processes Organisations are increasingly using databases to manage customer relationships to increase both sales and customer satisfaction. A database can help you identify key trends and important information such as your most and least profitable customers. Waitrose E-CRM programme (E-Customer Resource Management) The E-CRM programme aims to build awareness and generate customer interaction with the Waitrose brand both in-branch and on Waitrose.com. Waitrose provides customers with monthly email communications, which will provide a platform to keep Waitrose front of mind, whilst reminding customers of their full range of services. The emails include information specifically tailored to the customer on seasonal foods arriving in branch, targeted special offers, new recipes and information on food suppliers. The emails are refreshed each month to give customers new ideas from Waitrose by analysing their shopping data. Waitrose.com has become recognised as one of the leading UK portals for food lovers, and the emails enable customers to click to the site to learn more about Waitrose food, offers or search for recipes and shopping lists. Visitors to the site can also find a selection of menu ideas and tips on preparing food, plus nutrition and wine experts can be emailed for individual advice. Ocado Waitrose uses an e-GRM programme to boost loyalty among early adopters of its online home delivery store Ocado. Waitrose Partnership Account Card The Partnership Card from John Lewis and a Waitrose credit card that earns customers vouchers when they spend. The Partnership Card allows customers to earn points towards vouchers. Waitrose sends vouchers directly to their customers three times a year. They can be spent on products in John Lewis, Waitrose and at Ocado.com. The Partnership Card entitles customers to receive exclusive theatre ticket promotions and invitations to special events such as summer concerts and country shows. Waitrose Quick Check Waitrose provides their customers with the option of using the Quick Check service, which allows customers to scan goods while they shop using a handheld scanner and then the ability to pay quickly at a special desk. When customers sign up to this service their details will automatically be transferred onto a database, where Waitrose can keep a track on their buying habbits, how much they are spending per week and their favorite products. Internal Databases Within Waitrose Waitrose has many Internal databases used by different business functions that they use to hold information. Human Resources The human resource department will have information on a database of their employees. The information that is kept on employees will help Waitrose to carry out appraisals, when reviewing pay and paying wages and giving references to other employees. Sales Waitrose will keep information on the sales of products in their store. The information will be able to tell Waitrose what their best selling lines are, what products sells best, what products arent selling that well and may need to be discontinued. From the information Waitrose will be able to position certain products as required such as best selling products getting the best positions. Stock Waitrose will keep information on the stock they keep and how much of each product they have. The information will help Waitrose when bringing in new lines and discontinuing products. Store Layout Waitrose will have information on the layout of the store and where certain products are kept this may be important if they are moving products around or when bringing in new product lines and deciding on where to put them. Marketing The marketing department will have information on prices of products this made help them decide whether prices need to change for example to compete with competitors. They will also keep information on promotions online and in store this will help Waitrose to see when promotions need to be updated and what other products may need to be promoted. Buying Waitrose will keep information on what they buy and where they buy from, they will communicate with suppliers to tell them what stock they need and when they are going to need it. Example of how the information gets onto the database using sales. The barcode is scanned through the till which goes to the EPOS. The information may be replayed to the partnership card/ marketing via the LAN. The role of digital information in informing business decision-making This diagram is showing how the role of digital information is helping Waitrose business decision-making. The Diagram below has been spilt up into five different areas showing the different stages in communication and business decision-making. 1. In Store Communication The EPOS (electronic point of sale) systems will be able to tell Waitrose what products are top sellers and which ones arent selling as well, this will help them make decisions on where to put certain items. They could put top selling products in a better shelf space and maybe promote the items that arent selling or discontinue them. 2. Databases When the data has been collected in store or online the information is sent to the centre and then stored in the databases. Head office will use this information for making decisions on things like store replenishment, store layout, staffing and promotions. 3. Buy-Side collaboration buying from suppliers, suppliers will communicate with head office. Waitrose will need to tell suppliers what they want them to supply and when they want them to supply it. Waitrose will decide what products they are going to store and where they are going to be positioned in store. Decisions on pricing may also change due to promotions or other forms of marketing. Waitrose needs to insure that they have the right amount of stock on their shelves to meet consumer demands. Waitrose uses hand held guns which allow labels on the shelves to be scanned which allows the employee to see how much stock they have. The stock is electronically stored and connected to a server, which will tell the employees how much of certain products they have allowing them to decide when to place an order. 4. The communication between banks and stores for purchases made buy customers, the banks will need to authorise the credit or debit card when customers uses the chip and pin systems. The card will be checked to make sure that it isnt stolen and then the card will be authorised if no problems occur. 5. Sell-Side E-Commerce Waitrose website, when customers access Waitrose online and purchases goods through the internet information is collected on those customers, Waitrose will be able to see the location of the customer, what they are buying and how much they spend. They can use this information to their advantage buy sending the customer offers or vouchers on their favourite products so that they shop again with Waitrose or purchase more than they would normally. Waitrose could also suggest a store close to them, as looking around a supermarket will attract customers to impulse buy which will boost Waitrose products. Waitrose Telecommunications In branch view of telecommunications In store communications, employees will communicate in store via the LAN (Local Area Network) an internal link. Waitrose has mobile telephones to communicate around store using extension numbers to contact different sections. A tannoy is also used in store which allows the company to talk to the whole store at one time, for example when making announcements to customers such as the store is closing or to ask an employee to go to a certain section. Externally a switchboard is used so if a call is coming in from out side the company they will then be transferred to the person or section they want to speak to. If a number of calls are incoming at the same time they will be put on hold and then transferred once the line is free. Waitrose will also communicate to head office via the WAN (World-Wide Area Network) voice and data can be communicated.