Letter of Motivation

Persuasive letter for college affirmation Search Send a Message T his message will be pushed to the administrator's iPhone in a split second. Dear Sirs. Madams I am intrigued to apply f or a Master's Degree Program in {name od the programme} beginning in 2013. graduated in 2011, f rom the University of {name od the university}, USA and hold a Bachelors qualification in {name od the programme).T he f our year undergrad program in {name od the programme} f ormed the asis of my steadiness towards accomplishing a top to bottom information in the f ield of - . As a section ot my degree course I considered different subjects identifying with assorted angles ot {specify} which Includes {specify}. During my lone ranger considers, I experienced the experience of building up a {specify}. under the oversight of Prof {name} alongside my associate have arranged the {specify}. While presenting the task, our instructor watched {specify} and suggested our item f or {specify}. pon accepting this affi rmation of my work I might want to carry on my affinity f or specify}, as this {methodology, issue} is increasing expanding Importance, in all angles and is having signif cannot affect on practically all ventures and all regions of society. T here is an abundant extension to demonstrate one's capacity, capability and insight in this progressive and conceivably very benef ictal {methodology. issue. theory}. Other than the school scholastics I was effectively engaged with the extra-curricular activities.T he driving f orce behind this was my plan to build up all the f acets of my character. In this procedure I was unable to accomplish the evaluations I needed to, in the f irst and second ear. In any case, soon I accumulated the expertise of Judicious portion of time and vitality. I don't f eel that the imprints I scored are the sole markers of my comprehension of the subject. A pertinent motivation to expand my bellet is the t inal year of my investigations, where with solid f ocus an d difficult work, I exceeded expectations In my graduation with dlsunctlon.Considering my amazing record, my school of f ered me f or a Job as a teacher. Additionally f or the previous twenty months I have been functioning as a {specify}-In {speclfy} branch of {specify}. My work has helped me form an exhaustive knowledge Into eturn to the scholastic world f or f urther development. It has given me the conf idence to seek after a Master's certificate and furthermore fueled a craving to do look into. T his profession with open possibilities has given me consistent impetus to develop myself and to acquire information, Today I see that lif e f or me has been a procedure of cognizant evolution.An essential piece of this development has been the worth framework soaked up in me by my folks, educators and tutors and a massive loving f or science. As I set out upon another I OF2 stage 0T my IIT e, I Delleve tnat a postgraduate report wlll prov10e a mllestone In my areer alongside significant encounters that will permit me to turn into a successf ul, imaginative prof essional and help with achieving my objectives. Ten years f rom now, I visualize myself as a f ull-f ledged look into prof essional in an association, or a f aculty part at some driving university.My choice to seek after alumni concentrates in the United Kingdom is underscored by my craving to be a piece of the alumni program at your organization. T he spearheading works going on at the - {specify}-office , which incorporate the improvement of {specify}, perf ectly coordinate with the f ield of my advantage. T he interdisciplinary nature of {specify rogramme, field} has persuaded me in accepting this choice as it is the perfect decision f or an energizing exploration profession. Simultaneously, I am conf ident of contributing initially to the progressing work at your department.By working under the direction of recognized f aculty, I will absolutely have the option to misuse my capability to the f ullest. T he office site uncovered solid f aculty like Prof . {NAME} associated with broad research in the region of {specify}. T his has fortified my determination to learn at University of {NAME}. I am conf ident that the savvy f aculty will make my learning experience unprecedented. On the off chance that I persuade the chance to be a piece of that mentally animating condition, I am certain my gifts will be put to ideal use.I am conf ident that general chance to concentrate in Europe will expand my perspectives and offer me a chance to increase world class instruction and assist me with turning into a great world resident. I would theref metal, f eel obliged to have the option to protect affirmation in your renowned college with f ull f inancial help and seek after my M. S. program. I am certain that I will coordinate all the accreditations and will have the option to keep up exclusive requirements at your college. Letter of Motivation I am intrigued to apply f or a Master’s Degree Program in {name of the program} beginning in 2013. I graduated in 2011, from the University of {name of the University}, USA and hold a Bachelors qualification in {name of the program}.The multi year undergrad program in {name of the program} framed the premise of my determination towards accomplishing an inside and out information in the field of â€. As a piece of my degree course I examined different subjects identifying with various parts of {specify} which incorporates {specify}. During my lone wolf examines, I experienced the experience of building up a {specify}. Under the management of Prof {name} alongside my partner I have arranged the {specify}.While presenting the task, our teacher watched {specify} and suggested our item f or {specify}-. After accepting this affirmation of my work I might want to carry on my affinity for {specify}, as this {methodology, issue} is increasing expanding significance, in all angles and is having signif icant sway on practically all ventures and all territories of society. There is an abundant degree to demonstrate one’s capacity, ability and knowledge in this progressive and conceivably very benef icial {methodology, issue, theory}.Besides the school scholastics I was effectively associated with the extra-curricular exercises. The main thrust behind this was my intend to build up all the aspects of my character. In this procedure I was unable to accomplish the evaluations I needed to, in the first and second year. Be that as it may, soon I collected the expertise of wise allotment of time and vitality. I don't f eel that the imprints I scored are the sole indicatorsâ of my comprehension of the subject. A fitting motivation to enlarge my conviction is the last year of my examinations, where with solid concentration and difficult work, I exceeded expectations in my graduation with unique excellence. Thinking about my magnificent record, my school extended t o me for an employment opportunity as a lecturer.Also f or the previous twenty months I have been filling in as a {specify}-in - {specify} branch of {specify}. My work has helped me form an intensive understanding into come back to the scholastic world for additional development. It has given me the certainty to seek after a Master’s certificate and furthermore aroused a craving to do research.T his profession with open possibilities has given me consistent motivation to develop myself and to acquire knowledge.Today I see that life for me has been a procedure of cognizant advancement. A basic piece of this development has been the worth framework soaked up in me by my folks, educators and tutors and a gigantic loving f or science. As I set out upon another phase of my life, I accept that a postgraduate report will give an achievement in my vocation alongside important encounters that will permit me to turn into an effective, imaginative expert and help with achieving my objec tives. Quite a while from now, I imagine myself as an undeniable research proficient in an association, or an employee at some driving university.My choice to seek after alumni concentrates in the United Kingdom is underscored by my longing to be a piece of the alumni program at your establishment. T he spearheading works going on at the - {specify}-division, which incorporate the improvement of {specify}, impeccably coordinate with the field of my advantage. T he interdisciplinary nature of {specify program, field} has persuaded me in accepting this choice as it is the perfect decision f or an energizing exploration profession. Simultaneously, I am sure of contributing initially to the continuous work at your specialization. By working under the direction of recognized workforce, I will positively have the option to abuse my capability to the fullest.The division site uncovered exceptionally solid staff like Prof . {NAME} associated with broad research in the region of {specify}. T his hasâ strengthened my purpose to learn at University of {NAME}. I am certain that the scholarly personnel will make my learning experience uncommon. In the event that I persuade the chance to be a piece of that mentally animating condition, I am certain my abilities will be put to ideal use. I am sure that general chance to concentrate in Europe will expand my perspectives and offer me a chance to increase world class instruction and assist me with turning into an incredible world resident. I would in this manner, feel obliged to have the option to protect confirmation in your esteemed college with full budgetary help and seek after my M.S. program. I am certain that I will coordinate all the certifications and will have the option to keep up elevated expectations at your college.

Summary for one page Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Outline for one page - Essay Example The representatives clatter me; the wickets clatter me; seeing the cash clatters; everything clatters me† (Leacock, 2012, p. 100). The perusers will be acquainted with the storyteller directly from the earliest starting point of the story permitting them to relate with the plot of story. Additionally, the fascinating starting given to the story includes a bank supervisor and storyteller who might go on in the story to examine about financial balance and as meager cash as fifty bucks. The manner in which creator has utilized purposeful anecdote in the story further includes beautification of characters. Discourse has been kept insignificant making it sound more humoristic before the finish of the story. Cautious terrorizing is done so that it permits the storyteller to defeat the dread of bank before the finish of the story for perusers. As it notes by the end, â€Å"As the huge entryway swung behind me I got the echo†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..my reserve funds in silver dollars in a sock† (Leacock, 2012, p.

How a Normative Group Works in Psychology

How a Normative Group Works in Psychology Basics Print How a Normative Group Works in Psychology By Lauren DiMaria linkedin Lauren DiMaria is a member of the Society of Clinical Research Associates and childhood psychology expert. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren DiMaria Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Dan Kitwood / Staff / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming You usually hear the term normative group, or norm group, in discussions of tests and measures. It refers to the sample of test-takers who are representative of the population for whom the test is intended. The normative group is intended to stand for a hypothetical typical test-takerâ€"one who represents the group thats being tested.?? How Norm Groups Are Used in Psychological Testing When designing a test of somethingâ€"for instance, academic ability or signs of depressionâ€"its important for the people making the test to understand the group that they are testing. They also need to identify what is considered normal within that group. Take, for example, the SAT (originally named the Scholastic Aptitude Test and later the SAT Reasoning Test). Published by the College Board, the standardized test measures academic potential. The SAT is taken by high school juniors and seniors throughout the United States each year.?? Therefore, the normative group for the SAT is a randomized, cross-cultural group of American junior and senior high school students who accurately reflect the diversity (and thus, the average) of that group of test-takers. How Random Selection Is Used In Research A psychology example could be a test intended to diagnose depression in American children between the ages of five and 10 years old. In this test, the normative group would be a sample of five- to 10-year-olds from various demographic groups within the United States. How Norm-Referenced Tests Are Assessed Norm-referenced tests are assessed differently compared to criterion-referenced tests. Criterion-referenced tests are the typical test format youd find in school: all questions have right answers and wrong answers, and scores are graded out of a perfect score.?? By contrast, its not possible to pass or fail a norm-referenced test. Rather, it will give results based on performance compared to a normative group. One of the main types of norm-referenced tests is an Intelligence Quotient or IQ test.  Intelligence test scores typically follow a  normal distribution, which is a bell-shaped curve where the majority of scores lie near or around the average score. For example, the majority of scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition  (WAIS-IV) tend to lie between plus 15 or minus 15 points from the average score of 100. This means that approximately 68% of people who take the WAIS-IV test will score somewhere between 85 and 115.?? How Are IQ Scores Interpreted? Percentiles as an Expression of Performance Norm-referenced tests can also be presented as a percentile. The percentiles are based on a bell curve with the norm falling in the middle. The percentile range is demarcated as deviations (either above or below) from the norm.?? If youve taken a standardized test such as the SAT, you may have noticed that you got both a score that was a number based on the total number of points you could have received, as well as a percentile that reflected how you did in relation to other test takers. The farther away from the norm you are, the further away from the 50th percentile your score will be. So, for instance, an SAT score in the 99th percentile means you scored better than 99% of the other test-takers.

The Black Codes and Why They Matter Today

It’s hard to understand why African-Americans are incarcerated at higher rates than other groups without knowing what the black codes were. These restrictive and discriminatory laws criminalized blacks after slavery and set the stage for Jim Crow. They are also directly linked to today’s prison industrial complex. Given this, a better grasp of the Black Codes and their relationship to the 13th Amendment provides a historical context for racial profiling, police brutality, and uneven criminal sentencing. For far too long, blacks have been dogged by the stereotype that they’re inherently prone to criminality. The institution of slavery and the Black Codes that followed reveal how the state essentially penalized African-Americans just for existing. Slavery Ended, but Blacks Weren’t Truly Free During Reconstruction, the period that followed the Civil War, African-Americans in the South continued to have work arrangements and living conditions nearly indistinguishable from those they had during slavery. Because the cost of cotton was so high at this time, planters decided to develop a labor system that mirrored servitude. According to America’s History to 1877, Vol. 1: On paper, emancipation had cost the slave owners about $3 billion — the value of their capital investment in former slaves — a sum that equaled nearly three-fourths of the nation’s economic production in 1860. The real losses of planters, however, depended on whether they lost control of their former slaves. Planters attempted to reestablish that control and to substitute low wages for the food, clothing, and shelter that their slaves had previously received. They also refused to sell or rent land to blacks, hoping to force them to work for low wages. The enactment of the 13th Amendment only amplified the challenges of African-Americans during Reconstruction. Passed in 1865, this Amendment ended the slave economy, but it also included a provision that would make it in the South’s best interest to arrest and imprison blacks. That’s because the Amendment prohibited slavery and servitude, â€Å"except as a punishment for crime.† This provision gave way to the Black Codes, which replaced the Slave Codes, and was passed throughout the South the same year as the 13th Amendment. The codes heavily infringed on the rights of blacks and, like low wages, functioned to trap them in a slave-like existence. The codes were not the same in every state but overlapped in a number of ways. For one, they all mandated that blacks without jobs could be arrested for vagrancy. The Mississippi Black Codes in particular penalized blacks for being â€Å"wanton in conduct or speech, neglect[ing] job or family, handl[ing] money carelessly, and...all other idle and disorderly persons.† How exactly does a police officer decide how well a person handles money or if he’s wanton in conduct? Clearly, many of the behaviors punishable under the Black Codes were completely subjective. But their subjective nature made it easier to arrest and round up African-Americans. In fact, a variety of states concluded that there were certain crimes for which only blacks could be â€Å"duly convicted,† according to The Angela Y. Davis Reader. Therefore, the argument that the criminal justice system works differently for whites and blacks can be traced back to the 1860s. And before the Black Codes criminalized African-Americans, the legal system deemed runaway slaves fugitives for stealing property: themselves!   Fines, Forced Labor, and the Black Codes Violating one of the Black Codes required offenders to pay fines. Since many African-Americans were paid low wages during Reconstruction or denied employment, coming up with the money for these fees often proved impossible. Inability to pay meant that the county court could hire out African-Americans to employers until they worked off their balances. Blacks who found themselves in this unfortunate predicament usually did such labor in a slavery-like environment. The state determined when offenders worked, for how long and what kind of work was performed. More often than not, African-Americans were required to perform agricultural labor, just as they had during slavery. Because licenses were required for offenders to perform skilled labor, few did. With these restrictions, blacks had little chance to learn a trade and move up the economic ladder once their fines were settled. And they could not simply refuse to work off their debts, as that would lead to a vagrancy charge, resulting in more fees and forced labor. Under the Black Codes, all African-Americans, convicts or not, were subject to curfews set by their local governments. Even their day-to-day movements were heavily dictated by the state. Black farm workers were required to carry passes from their employers, and meetings blacks took part in were overseen by local officials. This even applied to worship services. In addition, if a black person wanted to live in town, they had to have a white sponsor. Any African-Americans who skirted the Black Codes would be subject to fines and labor. In short, in all areas of life, blacks lived as second-class citizens. They were emancipated on paper, but certainly not in real life. A civil rights bill passed by Congress in 1866 sought to give African-Americans more rights. The bill permitted them to own or rent property, but it stopped short of giving blacks the right to vote. It did, however, allow them to make contracts and bring their cases before courts. It also enabled federal officials to sue those who violated the civil rights of African-Americans. But blacks never reaped the benefits of the bill because President Andrew Johnson vetoed it.   While the president’s decision dashed the hopes of African-Americans, their hopes were renewed when the 14th Amendment was enacted. This legislation gave blacks even more rights than the Civil Rights Act of 1966 did. It declared them and anyone born in the United States to be citizens. Although it did not guarantee blacks the right to vote, it  gave them â€Å"equal protection of the laws.† The 15th Amendment, passed in 1870, would give blacks suffrage. The End of the Black Codes By the end of the 1860s, many southern states repealed the Black Codes and shifted their economic focus away from cotton farming and onto manufacturing. They built schools, hospitals, infrastructure, and asylums for orphans and the mentally ill. Although the lives of African-Americans were no longer dictated by the Black Codes, they lived separately from whites, with fewer resources for their schools and communities. They also faced intimidation by white supremacist groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan, when they exercised their right to vote. The economic woes blacks faced led to an increasing number of them to be incarcerated. That’s because more penitentiaries in the South were built along with all of the hospitals, roads, and schools. Strapped for cash and unable to get loans from banks, former slaves worked as sharecroppers or tenant farmers. This involved working other people’s farmland in exchange for a small cut of the value of the crops grown. Sharecroppers frequently fell prey to shopkeepers who offered them credit but charged exorbitant interest rates on farm supplies and other goods. Democrats at the time made matters worse by passing laws that allowed merchants to prosecute sharecroppers who couldn’t pay their debts. Indebted African-American farmers faced imprisonment and forced labor unless they toiled on the land according to the instructions of the merchant-creditor, states America’s History. Increasingly, merchants and landlords cooperated to maintain this lucrative system, and many landlords became merchants. The former slaves had become trapped in the vicious circle of debt peonage, which tied them to the land and robbed them of their earnings. Angela Davis laments the fact that black leaders of the time, such as Frederick Douglass, did not campaign to end forced labor and debt peonage. Douglass primarily focused his energies on bringing an end to lynching. He also advocated for black suffrage. Davis asserts that he may not have considered forced labor a priority due to the widespread belief that incarcerated blacks must have deserved their punishments. But African-Americans complained that they were frequently jailed for offenses for which whites were not. In fact, whites usually eluded prison for all but the most egregious crimes. This resulted in blacks jailed for petty offenses being incarcerated with dangerous white convicts. Black women and children were not spared from prison labor. Children as young as six were  forced to work, and women in such predicaments were not segregated from male inmates. This made them vulnerable to sexual abuse and physical violence from both convicts and guards. After taking a trip to the South in 1888, Douglass witnessed firsthand the effects of forced labor on the African-Americans there. It kept blacks â€Å"firmly bound in a strong, remorseless and deadly grasp, a grasp from which only death can free [them],† he noted. But by the time Douglass made this conclusion, peonage and convict-leasing had been in effect for more than 20 years in certain places. And in a short stretch of time, the number of black prisoners grew rapidly. From 1874 to 1877, Alabama’s prison population tripled. Ninety percent of new convicts were African-American. Crimes formerly considered low-level offenses, such as cattle theft, were reclassified as felonies. This ensured that impoverished blacks found guilty of such crimes would be sentenced to longer prison terms. African-American scholar W.E.B. DuBois was disturbed by these developments in the prison system. In his work, Black Reconstruction, he observed â€Å"the whole criminal system came to be used as a method of keeping Negroes at work and intimidating them. Consequently there began to be a demand for jails and penitentiaries beyond the natural demand due to the rise of crime.† Legacy of the Codes Today, a disproportionate amount of black men are behind bars. In 2016, the Washington Post reported that 7.7 percent of black men between the ages of 25 to 54 are institutionalized, compared to 1.6 percent of white men. The newspaper also stated that the prison population has quintupled over the past four decades and that one out of nine black children has a parent in prison. Many ex-convicts can’t vote or get jobs after their release, increasing their chances of recidivism and trapping them in a cycle as relentless as debt peonage. A number of social ills have been blamed for the large numbers of blacks in prison   Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  poverty, single-parent homes, and gangs. While these issues may be factors, the Black Codes reveal that since slavery ended, those in power have used the criminal justice system as a vehicle to strip African-Americans of their liberty. This includes the glaring sentencing disparities between crack and cocaine, a higher police presence in black neighborhoods, and a bail system that requires those  arrested to pay for their release from jail or remain incarcerated if they’re unable to. From slavery onward, the criminal justice system has all too often created insurmountable hurdles for African-Americans. Sources Davis, Angela Y. The Angela Y. Davis Reader. 1st Edition, Blackwell Publishing, December 4, 1998. Du Bois, W.E.B. Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880. Unknown Edition, Free Press, January 1, 1998. Guo, Jeff. America has locked up so many black people it has warped our sense of reality. The Washington Post. February 26, 2016. Henretta, James A. Sources for Americas History, Volume 1: To 1877. Eric Hinderaker, Rebecca Edwards, et al., Eighth Edition, Bedford/St. Martins, January 10, 2014. Kurtz, Lester R. (Editor). Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. 2nd Edition, Kindle Edition, Academic Press, September 5, 2008. Montopoli, Brian. Is the U.S. bail system unfair? CBS News, February 8, 2013. The Crack Sentencing Disparity and the Road to 1:1. United States Sentencing Commission.

Problems Of Bullying In Schools - 1631 Words

Bullying in the school system can be handled appropriately if action is taken immediately. In order for this problem to be solved, students who are being bullies to other students need to go to an alternative school for a few weeks and then find a support group to go to once or twice a week to help them deal with their anger/emotions. It will make the child’s life manageable and will prevent them from potentially harming another students’ life. According to Horne, Stoddard, and Bell (2007), â€Å"Recognizing that bullying and aggression result in negative academic, emotional, and behavioral consequences, a number of programs have been developed in the last century to address the problem of bullying and aggression in schools† (pg. 264). This†¦show more content†¦268). The authors then state that students learn different techniques to control their aggressive behavior while they are in their groups. This evidence is relevant because it explains what t hese groups consist of and how they will be effective in helping students. This type of solution would not have a cost to it since this is something that schools are already doing today. The practicality of parents’ coming and discussing this situation that involves their child could either happen or not depending on their every day schedule unless they found an appropriate time that would work for them. It is cost effective because this is already a part of the principal’s duties. One way that could increase the practicality of this happening is that teachers and faculty could sign a petition to follow through with this idea and then if more time is spent on it, then their salaries could be raised. The principal would be the first person that would oversee this solution since they are the higher authority of the school system. According to Cross and Barnes (2014), â€Å"Key patterns of behavior are seen to emerge within the family context, with family members influencing and reacting to each other in complex ways, which may then influence th eir behavior beyond the family circle† (p. 294). The authors then explain that family influences can impact children and that their behavior ofShow MoreRelatedBullying Is A Problem For School1318 Words   |  6 PagesBullying has been a problem for schools for a long time and has continued to be so. It has increased dramatically, taking everything that happens at school and moving it to the Internet. Pre-teens and teens are the most likely victims because they do not fit in a certain group or the bully just wants to show them that they are better than anyone else. While, the school focuses on only the academic part of the students and not the social, they cause students to build barriers between everyone in orderRead MoreBullying At School Is A Big Problem1977 Words   |  8 PagesBullying Epidemic Bullying at school is a big problem that is found in all the schools in the United States and across the world. Since the late 1990s there have been several fatal school shootings committed by victims of bullying that have brought bullying major media attention. This has resulted in an increase of awareness about the harmful effects on the kids being bullied as well as the bullies themselves. This has brought a large amount of local, state, and nationwide programs designed toRead MoreAddressing the Problem of Bullying in Schools Essay885 Words   |  4 Pageswidespread problem of bullying, especially in schools, and that bullying is identified as a serious problem that merits intervention and research (Coy). 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Another form of cyberbullying is impersonation, in which cyber-bullies pretend to beRead MoreBullying Has Been A Big Problem In Our School System For1745 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been a big problem in our school system for many years, but it has escalated over the past decade due to the new era of modern technology. Unanimously, we can agree that our daily lives greatly depend on technologies; the internet, cellphones, computers, tablets, IPad etc. Although the uses of technology positively impacted our lives, there is also the downside when it uses have negative connotations. 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Sara Lee Corporation Free Essays

Sara Lee Corporation (Case study) 1. Executive Summary This case study provides an evaluation of Sara Lee Corporation and particularly its operations of product lines available through the Wal-Mart stores. To begin with, an effective SWOT analysis of the company was conducted where strengths and opportunities are identified while addressing possible threats and improving its weaknesses to avoid giving the competition an aggressive advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on Sara Lee Corporation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing requires effective identification of issues as a key factor in devising the best methods of addressing them. Therefore, Kirk Nelson identifies the BasicHipster style to be a major problem in the market because it was not doing well. Effective establishment of the best possible solution is therefore critical to maintain the corporation’s market share for the Wal-Mart Account. This analysis generates key alternatives that Kirk Nelson as the Sara Lee Wal-Mart Girl’s Panty analyst should consider in getting out of the current deadlock. This study recommends that Sara Lee Wal-Mart account should retain the FashionBikini due to its better performance compared to the New FashionBikini and introduce back into circulation, the new BasicHipster. . History or introduction Sara Lee Corporation is a fortune 500 company listed on the NYSE. They mainly mass market their diverse product lines of food and beverages, branded apparel, and household products through large retailers like Wal-Mart and Target, but also smaller store as well. Sara Lee, under the Hanes branded apparel operates a produ ct line of underwear called Girls Panty (GP) targeted girls ages 4-12 that include 3 cuts or styles: FashionBrief, FashionBikini and the BasicHipster. The Girl Panty line in Wal-Mart had to meet its sales and supply standards. Sara Lee Corporation maintained high sales due its ability to analyze its products on the basis of the market demand and thereby maintaining the customer’s preference. This case study provides a comprehensive analysis of the corporation’s Girl Panty line in the Wal-Mart account, identifies the strengths and weaknesses, recognizes the marketing problem, generates alternatives, make a recommendation and finally offers an effective implementation strategy. 3. SWOT Analysis Strengths Sara Lee has been identified as having 3 key strengths. First, their ability to employ highly experienced supply chain analysts made it easy for all the members to effectively carry out their roles and cite possible shortcomings on time and come up with workable solutions to address it. Second, Sara Lee’s longtime history has demonstrated that their products built on leadership brands represent high quality, affordable, casual clothing for everyday use, thereby creating brand loyalty and a strong attachment to its products. Finally, relationship building and retention is another key strength for Sara Lee. The trusted partnership between Sara Lee and Wal-Mart was two-fold. Wal-Mart served as a strong distribution channel partner with deep market penetration, while Wal-Mart relied on Sara Lee’s wide portfolio of well-known and established brand names. Weaknesses According to the case, the corporation suffers some weaknesses. To begin with, the girl panty suppliers are international and therefore subjected to key external forces such as cultural factors, religious considerations, strikes and unrests which made supply uncertain (Case, 427). With some of the supplies coming from external suppliers, the waiting period was very long and therefore unpredictable (Case, 427). Sara Lee’s market share for the BasicHipster was performing poorly. A New BasicHipster product was in the process of being developed but not yet primed for distribution. Opportunity One of the key opportunities that Sara Lee had was its ability to establish the need for new products and make them to replace those whose sales were on the decline in the market. According to the case (431), Kirk Nelson was informed of a suitable replacement for the BasicHipster after indicating its poor performance. Threats Notably, Sara Lee had one key threat to its operation in its Wal-Mart Account, the Fruit of the Loom brand. Global competition was fast emerging in regions such as Eastern Europe, South East Asia and the Middle East powered by technology and cheap labor. Due to this global atmosphere, Fruit of the Loom rose as the main competition in the underwear category (Case 426). 4. Case Analysis Sara Lee Wal-Mart account division analysis was the most effective at marketing as it provided a crosscutting evaluation of the product’s performance. Kirk Nelson was deeply involved in generating the most recent information before meeting his boss (Case p. 425). As a result, it acted as a critical organization in promoting sales at the stores at low prices and sustainable supplies (Case 427). As a result, this relationship promoted the internal sales at Wal-Mart while creating the needed impression in other external Sara Lee branches. In addition to that, the corporation had an effective supply from its widespread supply chain by maintaining distribution centers for its products (Case 427). To ensure that the products, promotion, and pricing were perfect, the analysts’ recommendations were subjected to extra scrutiny and further refinement. This reduced possible cannibalization and provided more effective recommendations on aspects such as replacements of less performing products. Even after analyzing the performance of the BasicHipster style, the decision to replace it had to further be analyzed (Case 428 -430). 5. Marketing Problem Due to the lack of performance from the BasicHipster style, it was temporilary replaced with the New FashionBikini until the New BasicHipster was finished. After watching the sales do well for over a year in all three styles: FashionBrief, FashionBikini and the New FashioBikini, the New BasicHipster was ready for the shelf. Should Sara Lee replace the old or the New FashionBikinis with the BasicHipster or should they consider leaving both FashionBikinis selling side by side and not introduce the New BasicHipster? Of course, that decision depends on how well the FashionBikinis (old and new) are working together. Establishing an effective solution to this problem was a key issue in that the product was expected to be free of cannibalization in the market. 6. Alternative Solutions Sometimes analysts make important decisions while generating the sought after revenue and steer their products towards maintaining effective competition. Looking at the marketing problems brings to mind several solutions Sara Lee should analyze. First, Sara Lee management could consider maintaining the status quo as it is, keeping all three lines: FashionBrief, FashionBikini and New FashionBikini. In doing so, they keep their sales steady without risking the loss of market share and shelf space. Since the FashionBrief was preferred by younger girls while the FashionBikini and the New FashionBikini was preferred by the older girls, this apparent age difference only complimented each other because they each had their own target market. The downside to this is having 2 style cuts that are alike such as the FashionBikini and New FashionBikini because the product line lacks the diversity in styles and limits your target segment. Both of the Fashion Styles are not targeted to the economy buyer such as the BasicHipster would be and limits your wide range of pricing for consumers. Second, Sara Lee could consider the option to delete either the FashionBikini or the New FashionBikini and bring back the new and improved BasicHipster while keeping the FashionBrief. According to Kirk, he mentions that the sales of the BasicHipster were performing poorly but no graph or sales figures were provided in the case for a comparison. After charting the sales volume for the exact same year and periods of time between the FashionBikini and the New FashionBikini (see exhibit â€Å"A†), there was a sales increase $125,348 where the FashionBikini outperformed the New FashionBikini by 154%. Keeping in mind that the New FashionBikini was only being sold in 1700 store compared to 2300 stores, the increase was still significant. Since keeping both FashionBikini styles on the shelf along with the Fashion Brief and adding the new BasicHipster was not an option, Kirk would have to make a decision to delete at least one of the Bikini lines. Given the sales data, the one to cut would be the NewFashionBikini. This would give Sara Lee three distinct styles that include a new line of cut, the BasicHipster, which would diversify their product line an appeal to the economy priced buyer and retain the sense of the original hipster to the consumers while giving then a new sense of the market. The downside to this alternative would be risk losing market share. If the BasicHipster was not performing well to begin with maybe bringing the style back might repeat the same results. Again, without numbers to compare, the risk is still prevelant. On the other hand, the BasicHipster is the New BasicHipster with a new color scheme which could result in a greater market shre while appealing to consumers. 7. Recommendation Sara Lee should consider replacing the New FashionBikini with the New BasicHipster based on 3 reasons. First, I had to anaylze the sales of the FashionBikini and the New FashionBikini so I knew which one to elimanite in order to introduce the New BasicHipster. After careful anaylsis I found that the sales of the old FashionBikini were $125,348 or 154% higher than the sales of the New FashionBikini given the same time period. Also, by not having the BasicHipster style on the shelf for over a year, it would create a need for the product by the consumer. Second, a diverse product line in terms of price and cut would be available appealing to the ecomonic consuios buyer with the New BasicHipster, as well as those consumers who desired more colors and print themes as with the FashionBikini and Fashion Brief lines. Lastly, by keeping the FashionBikini and FashionBrief line, the two had already been in the market and would not require the intensive promotion demanded by a new product. In addition, the sales and market share should remain contstant and even increase while the promotion for the New BasicHipster takes hold. 8. Implementation By adding the new BasicHipster a whole new marketing campaign will be designed around the the new product including commercials aimed at young girls ages 4-12 . email marketing, free giveaways, Further analysis to determine possible cannibalization should first be conducted in the Sara Lee Wal-Mart Account to track the sales volume and market share. By introducing the already New BasicHipster, a new advertising and promotion effots will take place informing the consumer of this new line and style choice. Revising the NewFashionTh e for the first year to determine if any changes need to be made. If no changes are required, further analyses of the products lines will contunie for another 2 years until their life cycles are near the end whne 1 and continueof the 3 increase the chances of raising sales of the FashionBikini. Besides, Sara Lee should gradually increase the quantity of the FashionBikini to account for the added sales from the deleted New FashionBikini line while continuing to expand on the growth and promotion of the New BasicHipster to ensure a smooth transition. In addition to that, the corporation should intensify promotion of the FashionBikini to further inform and persuade consumers to buy it at Wal-Mart. Finally, a critical review of the FashionBikini should be maintained to seek consumers’ further preferences while making possible adjustments on their preferences. ———————– Surname 6 How to cite Sara Lee Corporation, Papers

Waitrose Company Essay Example

Waitrose Company Essay Waitrose was founded in 1904 and is the supermarket division of the John Lewis Partnership, with 187 branches. Like the Partnerships Department Stores, Waitrose is targeted at the middle class market, emphasising quality food and customer service rather than low prices. Their slogan reflects this Quality food, honestly priced. Waitroses main competitors in this market are Marks and Spencer and Sainsburys. The typical Waitrose customer has been described as affluent, interested in culture, travel, fine foods and wine and a likely Classic FM listener and BBC 1 viewer. Waitrose.com We will write a custom essay sample on Waitrose Company specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Waitrose Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Waitrose Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Waitrose included its three existing Internet sites which were Waitrose Deliver, [emailprotected], and Waitrose direct into an upgraded Waitrose.com website in August 2001. The online grocer Ocado has also taken over the distribution of Waitrose products, but has its own site (Ocado.com). Waitrose.com also functions as a shop finder that quickly shows users the shop closest to them, including map, travel instructions and opening times. Locations Waitrose is currently bound to its southeast location because there are only two major regional distribution centers in place (Bracknell Northampton). Although further expansion in the North and West is planned, Waitrose has no plans to expand overseas, unlike its bigger competitors. Segmentation Waitrose is able to identify different groups of buyers who share similar definable needs and behaviors by segmenting the market. Waitrose segments its market on simple variables such as incomes. This is shown by the number of stores that are based in the south of England showing that Waitrose is aiming at the higher income earners at the upper end of the market, and segmenting itself towards the social groups of A, B and C1. Waitrose has not based any stores in areas such as Newcastle, Middlesbrough, Liverpool and Bradford as these are Britains poorest regions, which Waitrose would not benefit from financially. The UK Online Market Research shows that more British food shoppers have been converted to online grocery shopping than in any other country. However, Internet sales still represent a tiny, although growing, percentage of the overall UK grocery market. Most people use the Internet as a way of gathering information on products and making price comparisons before visiting their local store. Tesco was the first grocery retailer to introduce online shopping and is now the worlds biggest Internet grocer. Question 1 Means of capturing information for use in e-business processes Organisations are increasingly using databases to manage customer relationships to increase both sales and customer satisfaction. A database can help you identify key trends and important information such as your most and least profitable customers. Waitrose E-CRM programme (E-Customer Resource Management) The E-CRM programme aims to build awareness and generate customer interaction with the Waitrose brand both in-branch and on Waitrose.com. Waitrose provides customers with monthly email communications, which will provide a platform to keep Waitrose front of mind, whilst reminding customers of their full range of services. The emails include information specifically tailored to the customer on seasonal foods arriving in branch, targeted special offers, new recipes and information on food suppliers. The emails are refreshed each month to give customers new ideas from Waitrose by analysing their shopping data. Waitrose.com has become recognised as one of the leading UK portals for food lovers, and the emails enable customers to click to the site to learn more about Waitrose food, offers or search for recipes and shopping lists. Visitors to the site can also find a selection of menu ideas and tips on preparing food, plus nutrition and wine experts can be emailed for individual advice. Ocado Waitrose uses an e-GRM programme to boost loyalty among early adopters of its online home delivery store Ocado. Waitrose Partnership Account Card The Partnership Card from John Lewis and a Waitrose credit card that earns customers vouchers when they spend. The Partnership Card allows customers to earn points towards vouchers. Waitrose sends vouchers directly to their customers three times a year. They can be spent on products in John Lewis, Waitrose and at Ocado.com. The Partnership Card entitles customers to receive exclusive theatre ticket promotions and invitations to special events such as summer concerts and country shows. Waitrose Quick Check Waitrose provides their customers with the option of using the Quick Check service, which allows customers to scan goods while they shop using a handheld scanner and then the ability to pay quickly at a special desk. When customers sign up to this service their details will automatically be transferred onto a database, where Waitrose can keep a track on their buying habbits, how much they are spending per week and their favorite products. Internal Databases Within Waitrose Waitrose has many Internal databases used by different business functions that they use to hold information. Human Resources The human resource department will have information on a database of their employees. The information that is kept on employees will help Waitrose to carry out appraisals, when reviewing pay and paying wages and giving references to other employees. Sales Waitrose will keep information on the sales of products in their store. The information will be able to tell Waitrose what their best selling lines are, what products sells best, what products arent selling that well and may need to be discontinued. From the information Waitrose will be able to position certain products as required such as best selling products getting the best positions. Stock Waitrose will keep information on the stock they keep and how much of each product they have. The information will help Waitrose when bringing in new lines and discontinuing products. Store Layout Waitrose will have information on the layout of the store and where certain products are kept this may be important if they are moving products around or when bringing in new product lines and deciding on where to put them. Marketing The marketing department will have information on prices of products this made help them decide whether prices need to change for example to compete with competitors. They will also keep information on promotions online and in store this will help Waitrose to see when promotions need to be updated and what other products may need to be promoted. Buying Waitrose will keep information on what they buy and where they buy from, they will communicate with suppliers to tell them what stock they need and when they are going to need it. Example of how the information gets onto the database using sales. The barcode is scanned through the till which goes to the EPOS. The information may be replayed to the partnership card/ marketing via the LAN. The role of digital information in informing business decision-making This diagram is showing how the role of digital information is helping Waitrose business decision-making. The Diagram below has been spilt up into five different areas showing the different stages in communication and business decision-making. 1. In Store Communication The EPOS (electronic point of sale) systems will be able to tell Waitrose what products are top sellers and which ones arent selling as well, this will help them make decisions on where to put certain items. They could put top selling products in a better shelf space and maybe promote the items that arent selling or discontinue them. 2. Databases When the data has been collected in store or online the information is sent to the centre and then stored in the databases. Head office will use this information for making decisions on things like store replenishment, store layout, staffing and promotions. 3. Buy-Side collaboration buying from suppliers, suppliers will communicate with head office. Waitrose will need to tell suppliers what they want them to supply and when they want them to supply it. Waitrose will decide what products they are going to store and where they are going to be positioned in store. Decisions on pricing may also change due to promotions or other forms of marketing. Waitrose needs to insure that they have the right amount of stock on their shelves to meet consumer demands. Waitrose uses hand held guns which allow labels on the shelves to be scanned which allows the employee to see how much stock they have. The stock is electronically stored and connected to a server, which will tell the employees how much of certain products they have allowing them to decide when to place an order. 4. The communication between banks and stores for purchases made buy customers, the banks will need to authorise the credit or debit card when customers uses the chip and pin systems. The card will be checked to make sure that it isnt stolen and then the card will be authorised if no problems occur. 5. Sell-Side E-Commerce Waitrose website, when customers access Waitrose online and purchases goods through the internet information is collected on those customers, Waitrose will be able to see the location of the customer, what they are buying and how much they spend. They can use this information to their advantage buy sending the customer offers or vouchers on their favourite products so that they shop again with Waitrose or purchase more than they would normally. Waitrose could also suggest a store close to them, as looking around a supermarket will attract customers to impulse buy which will boost Waitrose products. Waitrose Telecommunications In branch view of telecommunications In store communications, employees will communicate in store via the LAN (Local Area Network) an internal link. Waitrose has mobile telephones to communicate around store using extension numbers to contact different sections. A tannoy is also used in store which allows the company to talk to the whole store at one time, for example when making announcements to customers such as the store is closing or to ask an employee to go to a certain section. Externally a switchboard is used so if a call is coming in from out side the company they will then be transferred to the person or section they want to speak to. If a number of calls are incoming at the same time they will be put on hold and then transferred once the line is free. Waitrose will also communicate to head office via the WAN (World-Wide Area Network) voice and data can be communicated.

Boston Tea Party essays

Boston Tea Party essays The Boston Tea Party was one of the greatest rebellions in the United States history. The Townshend Revenue Act was installed in 1767 as a last resort to rise the revenue from the American colonies. This act was created by the British Parliament due to close of the Seven Years War. Its author, the president of the Board of Trade, Charles Townshend had laid this plan to scheme colonial taxation aside. In September 1767 Townshend died suddenly and Lord North succeeded him. Tensions grew in Boston over the tax on tea and several boycotts had been tried. Patriots were distress and started to organize protests and attacks. Samuel Adams, Alexander McDougall, Charles Thompson, and Paul Revere some of the first and principal patriots that were involved in the organizations that sprung up in Boston. The Sons of Liberty as they were called did several things in the fight for independence. The Dartmouth was the first tea hauling vessel to dock in the Boston Harbor. On December 2, the second tea filled vessel, the Eleanor docked at Boston Harbor. The third tea ship from the East India Company, the Beaver, was transporting smallpox so it was docked off of Rainsfords Island to be cleaned and smoked. It finally joined the other ship on December 15. Another English tea ship, the William, was due to come in but the vessel had come ashore at Cape Cod with salvable payload but the vessel was totally lost. The Dartmouth and the Eleanor were both carrying 114 chests of tea from the East India Company. And the Beaver was carrying 112 chest of tea. The three ships carried all together 342 chests of tea, about 90,000 pounds, worth about 9,000 pounds sterling. On December 16, 1773 some of the men who were involved with the organization divided up into three groups and dressed as Indians. All together there was thirty to sixty Indians or Mohawks as they were called. Revere led the group ...

Definition of Copulative Verb in Spanish

Definition of Copulative Verb in Spanish Copulative verbs are among the most useful verbs in Spanish. Unlike verbs that are used to express an action, copulative verbs are used to indicate that a noun coming before the verb is equal to or has characteristics of the word or words following the verb. Definition of Copulative Verb A copulative verb is one that connects the subject of a sentence with a noun (or noun phrase) that is the equivalent of the subject or an adjective that describes the subject. Copulative verbs denote a state of being and, with the exception of verbs such as to become that express a change in state of being, usually dont express action. You can think of a copulative verb as something like an equals sign: What comes before the verb refers to the same person or thing that comes after it. Note that in Spanish, the subject of a verb doesnt have to be explicitly stated. In the sentence, the subject in Nosotros estamos felices (We are happy) can be deleted without any change in meaning, making Estamos felices. The copulative verb for both sentences is estamos. A copulative verb is also known as a linking verb, copular verb, or copula. The equivalent terms in Spanish are verbo copulativo or verbo de unià ³n. The Three Main Copular Verb of Spanish In Spanish, traditionally the three main copulative verbs are ser, estar and parecer. Ser and estar are usually translated as to be, while parecer usually means to seem. Both be and seem often are copulative in English as well. These verbs are copulative verbs only when they performing a linking purpose. All three, especially estar, have other uses as well. Copulative verbs can be used in all tenses and moods. Examples of the three verbs being used as copulas: Mi hermana es estudiante. (My sister is a student.)No somos una repà ºblica bananera. (Were not a banana republic. In this example, the subject nosotros isnt explicitly stated.)Los mexicanos fueron superiores a nosotros. (The Mexicans were superior to us.)Espero que la comida està © sabrosa. (I hope the food will be tasty.)Mi madre estuvo casada. (My mother was married.)Estamos muy agradecidas. (Were very grateful.)La casa parece triste y vacà ­a sin ella. (The house seems sad and empty without her.)Me parece muy difà ­cil. (It seems very difficult to me. The subject is not explicitly stated.)Pablo me parecà ­a muy guapo. (Pablo seemed very handsome to me.) Other Copulative Verbs Other verbs, such as those that express feelings, appearances, or the action of becoming, can also act as copulas: Sus ojos semejan los de un perro. (Its eyes resemble those of a dog.)Los pobres permanecen pobres y los ricos permanecen ricos. (The poor stay poor and the rich stay rich.)Me siento enojado cuando no me hablas. (I feel angry when you dont speak to me.)El senador se mostraba complaciente. (The senator seemed complacent.)A los 40 aà ±os, Elena se volvià ³ doctora. (At the age of 40, Elena became a doctor.)La oruga se convirtià ³ en mariposa. (The caterpillar became a butterfly.)

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

Literature review - Essay Example (Murdin and Errington 2005:56) A significant body of recent research has explored the processes associated with ruptures in the therapeutic alliance (Safran et al. 1990). In another, similar, piece of research, Hill et al. (1996) carried out a survey of counsellors concerning their experience of impasse in their work with clients. The findings of these studies are consistent with the view of Mearns (1994) that lack of therapeutic progress, or what he terms stuckness, is often associated with over- or under-involvement on the part of the counsellor. (McLeod 2003:335) This stuckness has also been often revealed as not so much the lack of apparent progress, but possibly a symptom of something else. Some therapist fell that it is an outcropping of anger and hurt emotions that often trigger the event. (Whelton and Greenberg 2004:117) This is something that the counsellor needs to put into perspective and it can often be the clinicians responsibly to find the cause for this anger and hurt. This mired down feeling is starting to wear on you. Stay with the stuck feeling for awhile and see what images come to mind. Whats the glue thats holding you and the client in place? Reflect on your discomfort with this ‘stuckness.’ What might this client be here to teach you? Just as a reality check, working with a chronically depressed client can be draining, and at times I have felt similarly tired and frustrated. (Pearson 2006) Maltreatment at an early age can also be the beginning of low self-esteem and could certainly be the early stages of a learned helplessness state from which it is perceived that is no apparent benefit in the given environment and therefore the client become stuck. This is the beginning of low self-esteem and poor self-concept. These assumptions and beliefs taken as fact over time create a situation of what

Consent form, permission letter&interview questions Essay - 1

Consent form, permission letter&interview questions - Essay Example rved: that the interview would be conducted on the free-time of the indicated manager within the hotel premises, that the company name, as well as the names of the managers should be disguised in the project, and that the results must be shared with the HR department. As a Master of Science in Administration graduate student at CMU, I am currently conducting the above-mentioned research in compliance with graduation requirements. In this regard, I am hereby seeking the consent of your organization, the Sheraton Dongguan Hotel, to participate in the study. The study aims to explore and determine the strategies employed by Sheraton Dongguan Hotel in China which enables them to excel in an increasingly competitive hospitality service industry. As such, five (5) managers in Sheraton Dongguan Hotel, specifically those in the position of designing or implementing strategies, are planned to be interviewed. As the researcher, I will conduct the interview on a face-to-face basis, depending on the availability of the manager. Please bear in mind that I would abide by standards of ethics in research where privacy and confidentiality is strictly to be observed. No personal information would be divulged in the study. You are free to refuse to participate in this research project or to withdraw your consent and discontinue participation in the project at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled. Your participation will not affect your relationship with the institution(s) involved in this research project. Please note that if you are not satisfied with the manner in which this study is being conducted, you may report (anonymously if you so choose) any complaints to the MSA Program by calling 989-774-6525 or addressing a letter to the MSA Program, Rowe 222, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI

Information Technology Influences on NFL, NASCAR and Other Sports Essay

Information Technology Influences on NFL, NASCAR and Other Sports Information technology has influenced sports in many ways. Not only has it influenced sports in North America but also sports across the world. â€Å"In 1988, Stan Honey, Jerry Gepner, and Bill Squadron—three former executives at News Corp. and Fox Sports—founded Sportvision (http://www.sportvision.com). They used their extensive technology, sports production, and broadcast experience to create an innovative company that focuses on developing technology-based enhancements for the Internet, sports television, and new media platforms† (Shapiro). Sportvision has impacted sports like football, baseball, basketball, auto racing, horse racing, hockey, and a wide variety of Olympic sports. â€Å"The technological boom began with a glowing hockey puck† (Pierce). In the 1996 NHL All-Star game, the glowing hockey puck was introduced to viewers. By giving the puck a radiant glow the viewers were better able to follow the puck as it was passed from player to player and across the rink. Without this innovation of the glowing puck it was very easy to loose track of the player carrying the puck and at times which team had possession. â€Å"The idea was to give new viewers a closer glimpse of where the puck was flying and help them keep up with the game† (Pierce). Information technology has also helped college and pro football teams in a number of ways. The use of instant replay has decided the outcome of many professional football games. Without instant replay a bad call by the umpire could result in a loss for a team that actually should have won. Now with the ability to review a decision on the field, many bad calls are getting overturned and the team that should have... ... That way, graphics in the corner of the TV screen can show where they are on the oval track and how far apart competitors are. And the sensors can tell them how fast the skaters are going, what their acceleration is and how close they are to the current leader’s time† (Horiuchi). Since the skaters switch lanes so often, a graphic of each country’s flag will be electronically inserted into the lane that corresponds with that of the racer. â€Å"Sportvision also is using a system called AIRf/x during the free style aerials to show how far and high the skier went from the edge of the ramp† (Horiuchi). In any case, it is evident that information technology is changing the way audiences across the world watch sports. From a glowing hockey puck to a real time update on just about anything at as to do with statistics, technology is affecting sporting events everywhere.

How Smartphones Change Our Society

A Smartphone is a mobile phone built on a mobile operating system, with more advanced computing capability than a feature phone. There are many types of Smart phones but they all have one thing in common. They combine the performance of a cell phone and a computer. In the past my father had to carry many things when he traveled. Such as a camera, a laptop, a mobile phone and etc. But now it’s in one thing Smartphone. Today each company is trying to come up with the best Smartphone so as to be able to compete with others and now business is relying on them more than ever.We see people using their smart phones while traveling to and from work. A lot of people now use of smart phones in their life. They change the way we communicate amongst ourselves. Smartphone have truly really changed the way people communicate with each other. Gone are those days of the pay phone down the street and around the corner being one of a person’s major means of calling home because they forg ot what they had to get from the grocery store.According to Wikipedia † A smart phone is a mobile phone built on a mobile operating system, with more advanced computing capability than a feature phone†(1). There are many types of smartphones but they all have one thing in common. They combine the performance of a cell phone and a computer. In America 42% of phone users have smartphones (foot). Based on this staggering statistics, smartphones has an incredible possibility of affecting today’s society. It became a revolutionary innovation when Apple released its first generation of iphone.Today each company is trying to come up with the best smartphones so as to be able to compete with others and now business is relying on them more than ever. We see people using their smart phones while traveling to and from work. More and more businesses expect their employees to use smart phones to deal with issues outside the office. The people who refuse to do it will be left b ehind. They won’t be able to cope with the amount of work or meet unrealistic goals of employers. In personal life people are paying more attention to smartphones than to family and friends.Some people consider traditional family dinner an old-fashioned ritual. Today at the dinner table people e-mailing, video chatting, instant massaging, and paying very little attention to conversation with each other. After the meal everyone runes back to their own computer device. A lot of people rely on use of smart phones in business and personal life. Based on this research, smartphones are changing today’s society. They change the way we communicate amongst ourselfes and how we conduct business in the workplace

Gender And Gender Roles Have Work For Centuries - 986 Words

To many people, gender, or a persons sexual orientation, is something that should not be changed, and if one does attempt to change your gender by a surgical procedure, it is believed to be wrong. In most English dictionaries, the word gender is defined as the state of being male or female. According to the Oxford Dictionary, being a male is defined as â€Å"the sex that produces small, typically motile gametes, especially spermatoea, with which a female may be fertilized or inseminated to produce offspring,† and female is defined as â€Å"the sex that can bear offspring or produce eggs, distinguished biologically by the production of gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes.† These definitions are accepted by and believed to be correct†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Colonial lawmakers believed that cross-dressing, like homosexuality, belonged in the category of serious offenses against a divinely ordained natural order† (Reis 2014). According to Joseph Berger (2013), one of Canada’s leading psychiatrists, â€Å"sometimes, some of these people [transgenders] have claimed that they are a ‘women trapped in a man’s body’ or ‘man trapped in a woman’s body. Scientifically, there is no such thing.† This reasoning supports the beliefs of those who believe there is no such thing as being born into the wrong body. They proposed a valid opinion. It also helps validate their beliefs that having a sex change procedure are wrong. Dr. Berger agrees in his statement to the Canadian Parliament in 2013: â€Å"The proper treatment of emotional unhappiness is not surgery. Cosmetic surgery will not change the chromosomes of a human being.† Dr. Berger clearly states his belief that having surgery to changes ones gender will not make them happy. When people identify themselves as transgender, they are told they suffer from â€Å"gender identity disorder.† Gender identity disorder is defined as â€Å"a condition in which a person has been assigned one gender, usually on the basis of their birth, but identifies as belonging to another gender, and feels significant discomfort or being unable to deal with this condition† (Thomas, 2010). One of the leading symptoms of gender identity disorder is gender

Poverty And Its Effect On Poverty - 1551 Words

Poverty is an inarguable inevitability that varies in definition and severity from country to country. Poverty can be caused by many factors- economic instability, lack of education, a natural disaster, or overpopulation. These factors become a normal situation and then a culture of poverty forms and is passed down from generation to generation making it nearly impossible for the cycle to end. A culture of poverty is especially evident in India. It is estimated that twenty one percent of the Indian population survives on one dollar and ninety cents a day. When assigning a statistic to the poverty in India, the percentage of people living in poverty is different with each source, varying from twenty all the way to fifty six percent of the 1.25 billion people living in India. Women, children and members of the lowest class (Dalits) may or may not be counted in India’s poverty statistic so to assign an accurate value to the percentage of the poor in India is almost impossible. I ndia is considered to have the economic potential to be a leading power but this strength cannot make up for the economic disparities and a huge gap between the rich and poor. Overpopulation and the government’s inability to utilize programs to enable impoverished individuals to begin to provide for themselves and contribute to the nation’s economy prevents India from fully developing as a country. Overpopulation could be considered India’s fundamental challenge to becoming a fully developed nation.Show MoreRelatedPoverty And Its Effects On Poverty1554 Words   |  7 Pages Poverty is a remarkably persistent problematic social challenge within the United States that has far-reaching implications. The magnitude and perplexity of poverty and its instigates are a massive predicament of both ethical and economic concern that has many proportions, which demands the country’s immediate attention. 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Causes of poverty stem from a wide range of factors including, geographical location, education levels, and generational poverty. The effects of poverty can be detrimental to an individual’s psychological and physical health. In the following paper, we will examine the prevalence, impact, and causes related to families that live in poverty. â€Æ' The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of poverty in families, the effect poverty has on families, and theRead MoreGlobal Poverty And Its Effects On Poverty Essay2151 Words   |  9 Pagesreduce and more effectively measure poverty has been Mayor Michael Bloomberg’s Center for Economic Opportunity (CEO) in New York City. This paper will explain how CEO was and still is so successful in combatting poverty and will argue that its tactics should be implemented in cities across the nation. Poverty is one of the most important issues that the modern world has attempted to confront. For the most part it has been a huge success. Extreme global poverty has been cut in half in the past 20Read MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1553 Words   |  7 PagesHow Poverty Effects Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educational

Are Humans Born Evil Augustine And Hs�n Tzu - 1267 Words

Over the course of time, things that seem important now are bound to change. For example, before Augustine’s time, Christianity was just becoming legally recognized. Today, Christianity is one of the world’s most widely known religions. Augustine shows us that while most things do change, human nature is not one of them. Throughout his piece, Confessions, he describes to the reader how humans are born evil, and cannot change until they have the capacity to do so. Through reading this autobiography and Hsà ¼n Tzu’s piece, Man’s Nature Is Evil, as well as Mencius’s piece, Man’s Nature Is Good, it seems that Augustine agrees more with Hsà ¼n Tzu than Mencius. They both agreed on the ideas that all humans are born evil, they remain evil through†¦show more content†¦We come into this world wanting things that are not ours, and things we do not deserve. Although Augustine and Hsà ¼n Tzu studied two different topics, they still agreed that humans remain evil through adolescence. For example, in Confessions, Augustine claims, â€Å"For in my adolescence I sometimes burned to glut myself on the sins of Hell and I let myself go in shadowy loves, while in your eyes I decayed and rotted, pleasing myself and desiring instead to be pleasing in the eyes of mankind† (Augustine 165). Augustine explains that through our young adulthood, we slowly discover what it means to be good, but we do not totally know how to act on it yet. More evidence of this is seen in Man’s Nature Is Evil, and Hsà ¼n Tzu states, â€Å"A warped piece of wood must wait until it has been laid against the straightening board, steamed, and forced into shape before it can become straight; a piece of blunt metal must wait until it has been whetted on a grindstone before it can become sharp† (Hsà ¼n Tzu 130). Hsà ¼n Tzu uses this metaphor to show that we are not born knowing how to be good. Throughout our lives, people teach and shape us to be good. Others must teach us through our life what it means to be good and evil. Humans must learn how to be good, from other people and the mistakes they make through their adolescence. Augustine and Hsà ¼n Tzu make it clear that they both feel the same way on this topic. Augustine gives us a personal example of when he

The Way Employee Union Are Organized in Malaysia Free Essays

string(107) " is the particular trade union must be representing of themselves only and not representing of the others\." INTRODUCTION In the eye of history, Malaysian industrial relations undergo some valuable changes with the expanding European capitalism through Industrial Revolution from the early sixteenth century. Various parts of what is now Malaysia came under British rule some time during the nineteenth century. Then, the emergence of Malaysian industrial relations is also associated with immigrant laborers and British colonialism. We will write a custom essay sample on The Way Employee Union Are Organized in Malaysia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Basically, industrial relations is known as relationship between employee, labour or employment. Industrial relations is not related to the relationships between one industry to another at all. And industrial relations in the public sector yet is referring to the relationship between the government and the public sector’s employees. The employer referred to in the public sector is the government which the employee will be under the power of them. As far as Malaysian industrial relations is concerned, the term public sector refers to the public services and to statutory authorities. Therefore, the term â€Å"public sector† refer to the federal and state government services, and to the federal and state statutory and local authorities. This government has been divided into few levels which is federal government (Ministry of Human Resource), federal statutory authorities (MARA), state statutory authorities ( Jabatan Agama Islam Johor) and also the local authorities (Majlis Daerah Segamat Selatan). We can see the differences between the public sector and those in private sector. The public sector has their own uniqueness which can be seen in few perpectives regarding to the principles underlying the systems, the parties involved, the way employees’ unions are organised, the way employees are grouped and also the machineries cater for industrial relations in the public sector. First of all, the public sector seems to be unique because of the principles underlying in industrial relations. The principles underlying in both public and private sectors are different at all. In Sec 52 of IRA stated that Parts 2, 3, 4 and 6 shall not apply to any public sectors since these parts are only been applied to the private sector. The principles involved are the trade unionism, recognition, collective bargaining and dispute settlements respectively. The trade union basically is an association or combination whether for employers and the employees too. The trade union is playing oles for protect the rights of workers by doing the collective bargaining to the employers. Before that, that particular trade union have to be recognized first to ensure that the collective bargaining may be successfully been achieved. The IRA requires that the union be recognized by the employer as the proper representative of those employees; in other words: the Act makes union recognition a ne cessary prerequisite to collective bargaining. Besides, regarding the collective bargaining, it is the principal means of improving the terms and conditions of employment of employees and thereby promoting their economic welfare. In contrast, all of these things are not applied to those public sector. And the largest employer in the public sector is represented by the federal government. Even the public sector has no collective bargaining and so on those the employer, employees and their trade unions also the government will sit together. This is based on the tripartite system which has been applied to this country. This tripartite system are made up of three parties which are the employer, employee and the government. There will be discussions made between them to resolve any disputes that arise among them This means the decision does not made by unilaterally; by the management on behalf of the employer without any interference by workers and the other parties. Next, the most unique characteristic that can be seen in Malaysian industrial relation system is the party involvement in the system. As we can see, Malaysia has allocated two areas in the employment sector, which is the public sector and private sector. It is important to differentiate between these two sectors. What is mean by the public sector actually? Public sector here refers to the Public Services as well as to Statutory Authorities. Statutory Authority in the other hand means a body established, appointed or constituted by any written law, whether federal or state, including a local authority. Thus, public sector is the largest sector in which the government acts as the employer of all civil servants. In addition, trade unions in the public sector are permitted to organize unions per ministry, department, profession or activity, as well as to join federations. Employees in statutory bodies (such as ports and the Employees’ Provident Fund) are only authorized to join internal trade unions, which, in turn, may join the Civil Service Federation and the national trade union centre. Employees working for the defense sector, police force or prisons do not have the right to form or join trade unions. Then, there is no employer union in public sector as the federal, state governments and local authorities are said to act as the employer. Therefore, the government doesn’t need to form any union to represent themselves. Other than public sector, Malaysian also allocated the other areas for the servant whom is not in public sector which named private sector. This private sector servant usually involved the workers whom are working under their own employers. One of the biggest examples of jobs in this sector is from the banking sector. On the top of that, these private sectors have a little immunity that allowed the employers and the employees to form their union as the medium to protect their right. In fact, the union was also established to facilitate consultation and discussion for both sides. This is also help to communicate and understand each other well and ensure a conducive working environment as well as to avoid problem occurs. Moreover, the advantage of private sector unions is that they can carry out collective bargaining to voice their demands. The third uniqueness characteristic of public sector industrial relations in Malaysia is the ways employees are organized. What means here is the particular trade union must be representing of themselves only and not representing of the others. You read "The Way Employee Union Are Organized in Malaysia" in category "Papers" For example, regarding on the blue collar union and white collar union. Those in blue collar union can only represent for the blue collar union and those in white collar union can only represent for the white collar union . And the most important thing here is the employee unions in the public sector are organizing along ministry or department or occupation or statutory authority lines or local authority lines. It is because they want to determine the shape and nature of the public goods and services, which the members deliver so that workers and the communities they serve can see that the union is relevant to the needs of a changing world. It is good for the interests of all workers and the people who use their services and has a vision of the future, which ensures the centrality of unions in that future. The employees cannot join the trade union and also be an executive in another trade union. According to Oxford Dictionary, the term ministry is a government department headed by a minister. This means that a minister will heads every ministry. As in Malaysia we are headed by our respectful Prime Minister Y. A. B. DATO’ SRI MOHD. NAJIB BIN TUN HAJI ABDUL RAZAK which he is also the minister in Ministry of Finance. Besides, Our Deputy Prime Minister Y. A. B. TAN SRI DATO’ HAJI MUHYIDDIN BIN MOHD. YASSIN also is the minister in Ministry in Education. Examples of Ministry in Malaysia are Ministry of Human Recourse, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Defense etc. Basically we have 24 of ministry after the last reshuffle in 2009. The employee unions in the public sector are organizing by ministry because they have different services to be served for the public. For example, The Ministry of Health’s role is basically to lay the policy and the direction of health services in the country also to enforce regulations and be the regulator. The Ministry of Health does not have the same service to the other ministries like the Ministry of Higher Education. Thus, employees in the Ministry of Health cannot join the trade union of the Ministry of Higher Education. The employee unions in the public sector are also organizing by department. Every ministry will have their own departments. For example in Ministry of Defence, they have development department, administration department, policy department, national service department etc. Each department been leaded by different persons. They might be in the same ministry but they have different tasks and responsibilities to carry out but still have to communicate to each other even they are not in the same department. However, if they want to form a trade union, they must form according to their department because of their different works Next is they are organizing by occupation. If they are in the same department that does not mean that, they have the same job. For example, in Ministry of Health, they have medical department and in medical department, they have another small department, which are the development of medical department, the practise of medical department, the allied health science department, the telehealth department and the nursing department. The practise of medical department, which are the doctors, and the nursing department, which are the nurses, cannot forming the same trade union. The doctors will form their own trade union and cannot join the nurses’ trade union and vice versa. They are also organizing by statutory authority. According to Trade Union Act â€Å"statutory authority† means any authority or body established, appointed or constituted by any written law, and includes any local authority. Example of statutory authority is ATTORNEY-GENERAL’S CHAMBERS, CENTRAL BANK OF MALAYSIA, FEDERAL LAND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (FELDA), NATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY CORPORATION (NPC), TELEKOM MALAYSIA BERHAD etc. They must form their own trade union and cannot join another statutory authority trade union. For example, TELEKOM MALAYSIA BERHAD workers cannot join FEDERAL LAND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (FELDA) trade union because they have completely different work and an employee of a statutory authority can only join and been accepted as a member by a trade union whose membership is confined exclusively to employees of that particular statutory authority. They are also organizing by local authority. A local authority is an organization that is officially responsible for all the public services and facilities in a particular area. An employee of a local authority can only join or been accepted as a member by a trade union whose membership is confined exclusively to employees of one or more local authorities. There are four types of local government in this country who are prepared according to the hierarchy is The city also known as City Hall or the City Council, City also known as the Municipal Council, Rural areas also known as the District Council, Special area also known as the Corporation or Local Authority. Example workers in City (Municipal Council) cannot join trade union in Special area. The Fourth uniqueness characteristic of public sector industrial relations in Malaysia is the ways employees are grouped. The employees in the public sector may group themselves in union or in associations and still enjoy any of the benefits of union representation. This mean that the public workers can get any benefits of union representation even the public workers not joining the union. For the example, a teacher will get the salary increases in that year as decided by the government although the teacher is not a member of National Union of the Teaching Profession in Malaysia (NUTP). All the bargaining are discussed at the national level between the government with Congress of Employees in the Public and Civil Services (CUEPACS). Since the government is the employer of the public workers all of the decision is depends on the government budget. In contrast, in private sector, those who are not joining the trade union, thus will not get any benefits given to that particular trade union. For example, any benefits given to the Petronas Employers Union will not be given to any employers of Petronas who are not joining the trade union. Here we can see the advantages if those in the private sector are joining in the trade union since they will know their interest towards their job. They will know what their rights should get from the employers and the company itself, they can bargain more such as for the wages and also better working conditions. It is good for them to know their rights as well since they can make sure that their employer does not suppress their workers’ rights. But in the same time, there will be some disadvantages to be in the private sector rather than those in public sector since the public workers may get the benefits whether ther are or they are not joining the trade union. Finally, finally yet importantly, the uniqueness of industrial relations in Malaysian public sector is the machineries that cater for industrial relation in public sector. In fact, these machineries in the public sector is unique and has no equivalent in the private sector. Thus, the following are the list of the machineries which are the first one is Salaries Commission and Salaries Committees. Then, it is followed by The Public Service Department, the Public Service Tribunal and last but not least, The Joint Councils. All these machineries have their roles in order to ensure the systematic structured in the public sector. Salaries Commission and Salaries Committees are appointed by the federal government and are necessary for the review of salaries and related conditions and these series of ad hoc commissions was kept on established since 1960s. The establishment of this commission is needed as they are also review working conditions and workers work as a whole or part of the public sector. Other than that, they are also assigned to make recommendations on those matters. In 1992 for example, the Special Committee of the Cabinet on Salaries makes the recommendations for the public sector and was known as New Remuneration Scheme and it has been renewed with the name Malaysian Remuneration Scheme in year 2002. Under this system, the employees got numbers of benefits such as paternity leave was introduced. . Thus, the reports from these two commissions will then be submitted to government and it is up to the government side, whether to accept or reject it. In fact, there is no legal obligation on the government to appoint such commissions or committees periodically, not to accept the recommendations made by them. If these recommendations submitted by them are not accepted by the government, then their recommendation will not be implemented. However, if these reports are being accepted by the government, then the recommendations will be implemented by the Public Service Department, which is also one of the important federal agencies in Malaysia. **** Next, move on the discussion on the matter of the Public Service Department (PSD) which is led by the Director General of Public Service. The PSD is organized along division lines in which there are eight divisions altogether as following divisions. The first one is recruitment division, and being followed by service division, training and career development division, wages and allowances division, pension division, negotiations division, The National Institute of Public Administration (Institut Tadbiran Awam Negara-INTAN) and finally the administration division. Each of this division has their own roles and function as for example the Service Division that formulates and implements personnel policies in the public services. These policies in addition cover such areas as the recruitment, confirmation, dismissal and re-employed of public service employees. Thus, this division also conducts all public service examinations, and it maintains the Government Staff Records Centre. Back to the main point, the Public Sector Department also acted as the human resources of the federal government and taking care only for the servant in the public sector. Besides, as being said above, the main function of PSD is to put into action on the accepted recommendations by the Salaries Commissions and Salaries Committee and thus, they are also responsible for all the implementation in the public sector includes supervise the National Joint Councils. Other than that, it is also functioned to negotiate any anomaly arising from the implementation of these recommendations with any public sector employees who is affected by it or with any organization of public sector employees whose members are affected by it. In short, the Public Service Department is responsible in initiating and also administrating personnel policies in all departments in which covered the public services employees too, from their recruitment until their retirement. ***** The Joint Councils (JCs) is machinery that is being modified from the Whitley Council machinery of the United Kingdom which was established in 1953. The Joint Councils is divided by two level which are the National Joint Councils and the Departmental Joint Councils. The National Joint Councils aim is to provide a body to establish communication through discussion between employers concerned and the government. It also constitute three councils which are one council for those in the Managerial and Professional Group and the other two councils are for employees in the Support Group. This councils are not available for Polices Forces, Armed Forces, Senior Managerial roup and public servants where the New Remuneration System (Sistem Saraan Baru-SSB) and Malaysian Remuneration System (Sistem Saraan Malaysia-SSM) does not apply. In the other side, the Department Joint Councils as well have it aim and functioned. This council provides a machinery to address any questions regarding work conditions and also obtain the views from the employees. It is also served for consultation between representatives of the ministry or department or statutory authority or local authority apprehensive and representatives of that ministry. ***** Finally, last but not least, the machinery that being use as a cater in the public sector is The Public Service Tribunal. The Public Service Tribunal was established in 1977 and it is to settle any dispute in regards to anomalies in the implementation of the recommendations by various Salaries Commission and Salaries Committees in which usually covered the issues regarding salaries and condition of service. Instead of that, any anomalies that come out will first referred to the Public Service Department (PSD). Once the Public Service Department rejected the claim, then the appeal can be made to the tribunal. The tribunal consists of a chairman and a panel of persons who have experiences and knowledge in matters of administration and was appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. However, this tribunal is being abolished in the year 2000 because the new approaches has already taken over and the new system will have a wider appeal. CONCLUSION As the conclusion, based on few perspectives that we have seen in comparing between both in public sector and private sector, the public sector seems to have their own uniqueness rather than the private sector. They are unique regarding to what has been applied to them regarding to the principles underlying the systems, the parties involved, the way employees’ unions are organised, the way employees are grouped and also the machineries cater for industrial relations in the public sector. Since the public sector have only one centered employer which is the government, thus the management of the public sector seems to be well-managed and well-organised rather than those in private sector which they have so many employers with different way of organizing their company at all. On the other hand, people works in the public sector also somehow get benefits than those working in private sector when everyone get the same things whether they are joining the trade union or not. 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Section=PSI_publications=2126=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay. cfm 9)http://www. pmo. gov. my/? menu=cabinet=1797 10)http://www. mod. gov. my/ 11)2006-2007), The constitutional role of the Attorney General, Great Britain, Parliament: House of Commons: Constitutional Affairs Committee 12)http://www. moh. gov. my/ 13)http://www. malaysia-food-beverage. com/government. htm 14)http://mgv. mim. du. my/MMR/9004/900405. Htm 15)http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia 16)Parenti, M, (2010), Democracy for the Few, Singapore, Cengage Learning. 17) 1920), National Lumberman, Commercial Journal Co. 18) http://www. unioncimb. org. my/home/news/TheFutureoftheTUMovementinMsia -CIMBConferenceArticle. pdf 19)http://mgv. mim. edu. my/MMR/9004/900405. Htm 20)Bowling, A. , (1981), Delegation in General Practice, United Kingdom, Routledge 21)(1989), Trade Union Act 1959 and Regulations Details on Trade Union Act 1959, Amendment with Index and Cases, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, MDC Sdn. 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